hell
‘dear’ · runosong lemma · Estonian adjective
| English gloss | dear |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Estonian |
| Total occurrences | 13,062 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 13,062 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
hellad, hellä, hellal, helli, hellast, hellile, helläd, hellale, hell, helläkest, hellädse, helläkese, hellakane, hellas, helläkeista, hellasta, hellält, hellila, helläle, helläst, helläl, helladse, hellidelles, hellis, hellakeiset, hellakenõ, hellakeselt, hellakista, hellaks, hellil, hellist, hellädä, helläga, hellägä, helläkõse, hellälõ, hellätsele, hellätsõ … and 13 more of 51 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
hell · 23
- 1. täis armastust, õrnust, hellitav, õrn; sooje tundeid tekitav
- 2. puudutuse vm. füüsilise ärrituse vastu tundlik; puudutamisel valus, valulik
- 3. psüühilise ärrituse suhtes tundlik; kergesti solvuv
EMS
hell
- füüsiliselt tundlik
- külma- või valukartlik; valulik
- vähe vastupidav, purunev
- psüühiliselt tundlik, (õrna)tundeline; kergesti solvuv; hellitatud
hell
- valkjas
Idamurre
hell
- hele
hell
- õrn
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| dear (dear's) | 1,940 | 54.4% |
| tender (tender's) | 1,161 | 32.6% |
| gentle | 210 | 5.9% |
| tenderly | 84 | 2.4% |
| beloved (beloveds) | 40 | 1.1% |
| gently | 36 | 1.0% |
| darling (darlings) | 35 | 1.0% |
| bright | 16 | 0.4% |
| sweet | 14 | 0.4% |
| little | 13 | 0.4% |
| Uses counted | 3,563 |
Example verses
- havva hellä hõbõhõdsõ (AES, MT 40, 9 (12)) read in context
The beloved’s grave silver? - noorõ mehe hellä venna (AES, MT 40, 12/4 (17)) read in context
Young men, dear brothers, - läbi hellä hingekese (AES, MT 40, 28/9 (39)) read in context
Through your tender soul. - muud helläd emäde juure (AES, MT 141, 10/1) read in context
Other dear ones to the mothers' side, - hellä suul sorahõllõ (AES, MT 145, 1/12) read in context
With gentle mouth whispering. - helme umma hellä vele saadu (AES, MT 205, 7/8) read in context
The pearls my dear brother gave. - heitä hellä pää ala (AES, MT 205, 9/10) read in context
Throw the tender head beneath, - ei või minnä tütär hellä (AES, MT 205, 11/6) read in context
"I cannot go, dear daughter,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| vend | 5,854 | 993 |
| kiigesepp | 2,214 | 213 |
| ime | 1,808 | 271 |
| emakene | 790 | 108 |
| veli | 769 | 265 |
| lind | 662 | 168 |
| imelaps | 631 | 64 |
| noor | 482 | 182 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Suude sulg | 97 |
| Küla ütel | 54 |
| Kalajõgi | 44 |
| Venna sõjalugu | 42 |
| Laulu võim | 22 |
| Tule mulle! | 22 |
| Sõjalaul | 21 |
| Ema haual | 20 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Setumaa | 352 |
| Räpina | 83 |
| Helme | 79 |
| Kadrina | 76 |
| Ambla | 74 |
| Koeru | 57 |
| Kuusalu | 52 |
| Väike-Maarja | 52 |
| Peetri | 50 |
| Põlva | 49 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1860–1869 | 30 |
| 1870–1879 | 112 |
| 1880–1889 | 327 |
| 1890–1899 | 454 |
| 1900–1909 | 166 |
| 1910–1919 | 209 |
| 1920–1929 | 220 |
| 1930–1939 | 299 |
| 1940–1949 | 15 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 206 |
| Peeter Penna | 82 |
| Jüri Välbe | 64 |
| Karl Ruut | 51 |
| Joosep Hurt | 47 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 1,924)
- ERAB: AES, MT 40, 9 (12), AES, MT 40, 12/4 (17), AES, MT 40, 28/9 (39), AES, MT 141, 10/1, AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 205, 7/8, AES, MT 205, 9/10, AES, MT 205, 11/6, AES, MT 205, 32/3, ARS 1, 466 (7), ARS 1, 519/23 (1), ARS 1, 666/8 (1), ARS 1, 820 (18), ARS 2, 7/11 (2), ARS 2, 699/704 (1), E A 3/4 (2), E A 79 (147), E A 106 (9), E A 115 (185), E A 120/1 (4), E A 140/1 (11), E A 142/3 (12), E A 199/200 (5), E A 228/9, E A 360 (7), E A 427/8 (4), E A 600 (2), E A 607/8 (583), E A 621/2 (3), E A 743/4, E A 746/7, E A 811/2 (1), E A 856 (4), E A 900 (4), E A 976 (3), E A 984 (15), EKmS 4° 1, 115/6 (176), EKmS 4° 1, 132 (203), EKmS 4° 1, 136/7 (210), EKmS 4° 1, 425/6 (30), EKmS 4° 1, 436/7 (41), EKmS 4° 1, 468/70 (11), EKmS 4° 1, 549 (9), EKmS 4° 1, 560/2 (20), EKmS 4° 1, 576/7 (30), EKmS 4° 1, 587/8 (36), EKmS 4° 2, 534/5 (38), EKmS 4° 2, 615 (6), EKmS 4° 3, 98/9 (24), EKmS 4° 3, 107 (35), EKmS 4° 4, 141/5 (14), EKmS 4° 4, 146/7 (16), EKmS 4° 4, 147/9 (17), EKmS 4° 4, 149 (18), EKmS 4° 4, 175/6 (1), EKmS 4° 4, 178/80 (4), EKmS 4° 4, 182 (6), EKmS 4° 4, 315/6 (11), EKmS 4° 4, 736/8 (3), EKmS 4° 5, 109 (10)
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: hellä
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.