henki

‘spirit’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun

English gloss	spirit
Part of speech	noun
Language	Finnish
Total occurrences	4,737
By corpus	SKVR 2,773, JR 1,958, KR 243 poems, ERAB 0

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

henki, hengen, hengellä, henkeni, hengi, henken, hengin, henkensä, henkeä, hengestä, henkie, henget, henkin, hengie, henkellä, henk, henges, hengel, henkein, hengelle, henkiä, henkii, hengeltä, henkes, henkesi, henkee, hengensä, hengestänsä, hengestäni, henkoi, henkien, hengeni, henkeäs, hengell, hengille, hengissä, hengee, hengis, hengiä, henkeäsi … and 193 more of 233 attested forms

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
spirit (spirit's, spirits, spirits')	3,726	82.9%
breath (breath's, breaths, breaths')	290	6.4%
soul (soul's, souls, souls')	289	6.4%
life (life's, lives, lives')	130	2.9%
breathe (breathed, breathes)	23	0.5%
alive	13	0.3%
person (person's)	7	0.2%
people (people's)	6	0.1%
Uses counted	4,497

Example verses

ambu heängi väinämöistä (SKVR I1 24.) read in context
Shoot his shadow instead,
henkie lunastamaha (SKVR I1 36.) read in context
To redeem his life.
veden henki heilutteli (SKVR I1 79 a).) read in context
Water spirit swayed,
hengesi lunastimeksi (SKVR I1 97.) read in context
"Your breath as my ransom!"
henkeni lunastimekse (SKVR I1 172.) read in context
henkeni lunastimeksi (SKVR I1 175.) read in context
My life's redemption."
heitä vielä heikko henki (SKVR I1 177.) read in context
Release your frail spirit still,
henkeni lunastimeksi (SKVR I1 178.) read in context
To redeem my life."

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
herra	7,105	1,027
pyhä	3,155	478
hyvä	2,062	478
heikko	1,085	130
huokailla	1,059	130
oikea	1,004	149
heilutella	842	84
perkele	732	111

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Käärmeen sanat	307
Käärmeen synty	267
Käärmeen pureman historiola	157
Verensulku	94
Käärmeen pidätys ja lumous	82
Raudan sanat	73
Tulen sanat	67
Raudan synty	61

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Suistamo	144
Vuokkiniemi	122
Narvusi	79
Ilomantsi	70
Suojärvi	64
Salmi	64
Kontokki	61
Lempaala	51
Uhtua	45
Impilahti	45

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1560–1569	1
1650–1659	2
1670–1679	3
1680–1689	1
1690–1699	16
1700–1709	13
1730–1739	1
1740–1749	1
1750–1759	2
1760–1769	4
1770–1779	9
1780–1789	31
1800–1809	8
1810–1819	48
1820–1829	84
1830–1839	201
1840–1849	221
1850–1859	171
1860–1869	42
1870–1879	95
1880–1889	609
1890–1899	371
1900–1909	216
1910–1919	216
1920–1929	112
1930–1939	407
1940–1949	128
1950–1959	74
1960–1969	91

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	306
Kaarle Krohn	200
Samuli Paulaharju	79
Väinö Salminen	73
Volmari Porkka	58

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,187)

SKVR: SKVR I1 24., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 97., SKVR I1 172., SKVR I1 175., SKVR I1 177., SKVR I1 178., SKVR I1 179 a)., SKVR I1 182., SKVR I1 183., SKVR I1 184 a)., SKVR I1 189., SKVR I1 192., SKVR I1 193., SKVR I1 199., SKVR I1 286., SKVR I1 325., SKVR I1 369., SKVR I1 509., SKVR I1 558., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 2., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 2., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 4., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 6., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 8., SKVR I1 erill. [Vipunen] 4., SKVR I1 erill. [Laivaretki ja kantele] 8., SKVR I2 849., SKVR I2 867., SKVR I2 955., SKVR I2 1015., SKVR I2 1044., SKVR I2 1050., SKVR I2 1051., SKVR I2 1052., SKVR I2 1053., SKVR I2 1054., SKVR I2 1056., SKVR I2 1057., SKVR I2 1066., SKVR I2 1068., SKVR I2 1071., SKVR I2 1072., SKVR I2 1074., SKVR I2 1075., SKVR I2 1076., SKVR I2 1099., SKVR I2 1103., SKVR I2 1103 b)., SKVR I2 1103 c)., SKVR I2 1106., SKVR I2 1109., SKVR I2 1116., SKVR I2 1119., SKVR I2 1120., SKVR I2 1131., SKVR I2 1213., SKVR I2 1215., SKVR I2 1222.

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.