astuma

‘step’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	step
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	5,372
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 5,372

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

astu, astub, astus, astun, astsin, astumaie, astke, astusin, astud, astsid, astkem, astume, astuma, astudessa, astvad, astuvad, astku, astse, astuvat, astuda, astund, astvat, astudes, astnu, astuks, astkõ, asto, astuge, astuvada, astuva, astuvata, astum, astsi, astusõ, astuv, astunessa, astunud, astuus, astudesse, astusid … and 106 more of 146 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

astuma · 43

1. ühe, paari, mõne sammu võrra kuhugipoole liikuma
2. sammuma, kõndima, käima; sammudes, käies minema
3. (hrl. illatiiviga:) midagi, mingit tegevust jms. alustama, midagi tegema hakkama, millegi juurde asuma
4. saabuma, tulema, jõudma

EMS

astuma

käima, kõndima
sammu sõitma (hobusest)
teat eas olema
ühe või mõne sammu võrra teise paika liikuma

(+2)

Idamurre

astuma

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
step (stepped, steps, stepping)	6,782	99.8%
let (let's)	68	1.0%
while	16	0.2%
Uses counted	6,794

Example verses

astu sõsarakõnõ kuu (AES, MT 22, 1) read in context
"Step forth, little sister, come.
astu no üles imäkene (AES, MT 40, 14/6 (18)) read in context
Step now up, dear mother,
astuse kõik aldõrahõ (AES, MT 40, 23/4 (30)) read in context
They all stepped into debt,
astkem akneraami pääle (AES, MT 43, 59) read in context
Let us step onto the window frame
astu aga iki aedatiida katri katri (AES, MT 43, 61/2) read in context
Step right to the garden's edge, Katri, Katri.
astu aga aedateeda katri (AES, MT 43, 76) read in context
Step onto the garden path, Katri.
astu eite aeda poole (AES, MT 76, 16/7 (9)) read in context
Step, mother, toward the garden,
üle õvve astuda (AES, MT 76, 17/9 (10)) read in context
nor step over the yard,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
aken	2,206	328
aknaraam	1,912	168
abi	1,895	283
ait	1,480	353
samm	1,281	164
peale	1,240	582
aed	1,159	264
aidatee	1,087	123

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Palve sakstele	251
Ema haual	135
Mardilaul	86
Tule mulle!	67
Tule mulle	65
Kasvatus asjatu	50
Venna sõjalugu	49
Kadrilaul	45

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	335
Paistu	146
Kuusalu	131
Tarvastu	120
Karksi	117
Haljala	116
Kolga-Jaani	96
Halliste	90
Viljandi	90
Helme	82

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1800–1809	1
1820–1829	2
1840–1849	6
1850–1859	2
1860–1869	41
1870–1879	280
1880–1889	907
1890–1899	1,045
1900–1909	209
1910–1919	273
1920–1929	363
1930–1939	488
1940–1949	37

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	100
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	85
Karl Viljak	79
Oskar Philipp Kallas	79
Joosep Hurt	75

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,906)

ERAB: AES, MT 22, 1, AES, MT 40, 14/6 (18), AES, MT 40, 23/4 (30), AES, MT 43, 59, AES, MT 43, 61/2, AES, MT 43, 76, AES, MT 76, 16/7 (9), AES, MT 76, 17/9 (10), AES, MT 76, 31 (3), AES MT 287, 4/14, AES MT 287, 15/7, AES, MT 102, 22/3 (1), AES, MT 117, 52/3 (3), AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 165, 5/66, AES, MT 174, 28/9, AES, MT 186, 110, AES, MT 200, 67/8, AES, MT 200, 69/71, AES, MT 204, 56/7, AES, MT 205, 6/7, AES, MT 205, 9/10, AES, MT 205, 11/6, AES, MT 205, 32/3, AES MT 210, 15/20, AES, MT 230, 3/5, AES, MT 236, 43/4, AES, MT 262, 15, AES, MT 262, 30/1, ARS 1, 391/2 (3), ARS 1, 426/7 (4), ARS 1, 444/5 (3), ARS 1, 496/9 (9), ARS 1, 519/23 (1), ARS 1, 873 (21), ARS 2, 81/8 (13), ARS 2, 593 (1, 2), E A 32 (51), E A 59/60 (108), E A 77/8 (143), E A 109 (1), E A 142/3 (12), E A 185/8 (7), E A 191/3 (2), E A 205/7 (1), E A 355 (1), E A 363/4 (10), E A 400/1 (7), E A 442/3 (3), E A 463 (9), E A 497/9, E A 573/4 (35), E A 584/6 (6), E A 588/90 (12), E A 593 (15), E A 609/12 (584), E A 621/2 (3), E A 647/8 (18), E A 680 (15), E A 684/5 (5)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: astua

← armas

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.