haud
‘grave’ · runosong lemma · Estonian noun
| English gloss | grave |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian |
| Total occurrences | 5,002 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 5,002 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
haua, hauda, aua, haud, haual, hauast, haudas, hauas, audas, auva, hauale, hauad, hauasse, hauva, havvale, haus, haudu, havvast, auvasta, hauastegi, haudadesse, haudsõ, hauani, haudadest, haude, haudse, haualt, hauase, haudadessa, havvalõ, avvasse, hauassegi, hauaste, haudadeksi, haudadesta, haudam, haudel, haudes, haudä, haul … and 7 more of 47 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
haud · 24
- 1. koht surnu matmiseks, hrl. maasse kaevatud süvend; hauaküngas
- 2. sügav koht veekogus, hrl. jões
Idamurre
haud
- haud
Seto
haud
- havva `hauda auk; koobas; surnuhaud koonik‿kerikoh oldass nikavva om haud ka kaibõt Se; meil om
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| grave (grave's, graves) | 5,250 | 94.2% |
| honor (honor's) | 136 | 2.4% |
| garden (garden's) | 52 | 0.9% |
| hole (hole's) | 49 | 0.9% |
| open | 19 | 0.3% |
| opening | 19 | 0.3% |
| wound | 14 | 0.3% |
| yard | 14 | 0.3% |
| gate | 13 | 0.2% |
| even | 8 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 5,571 |
Example verses
- memme hauda laskenessi (AES, MT 34, 1/3) read in context
Mother sank into the grave, - haud seest hallitet (AES, MT 40, 9 (12)) read in context
The tomb prepared from within. - esä viidi haua viirde (AES, MT 44, 1) read in context
Father was led to the grave's brink, - sada om hauda habõnõid (AES, MT 44, 3/4) read in context
A hundred beards lie in graves, - sa lähed isä aua piäle (AES, MT 163, 10/12 (6)) read in context
You go to father's grave, - imä jo havvast vasta ütel (AES, MT 205, 11/6) read in context
Mother from the grave replied: - ime no hauda pandõnõs (AES, MT 205, 31) read in context
Mother was placed into the grave, - imä hauda kaivõti (AES MT 210, 3/5) read in context
A grave was dug for mother,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| peale | 9,924 | 1,887 |
| aruhein | 6,500 | 588 |
| minema | 3,414 | 1,083 |
| ema | 2,994 | 696 |
| kaevama | 2,030 | 244 |
| peal | 1,274 | 347 |
| isa | 1,263 | 345 |
| eit | 1,218 | 277 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Ema haual | 820 |
| Poisi ja neiu matus | 109 |
| Ema ja armud | 87 |
| Vara vaeslapseks | 64 |
| Karske neiu | 56 |
| Ema arm | 45 |
| Vara vaeseks | 37 |
| Neiu ja poisi matus | 32 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Setumaa | 112 |
| Paistu | 78 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 74 |
| Haljala | 70 |
| Kuusalu | 63 |
| Viljandi | 63 |
| Tõstamaa | 53 |
| Ambla | 53 |
| Tarvastu | 50 |
| Halliste | 47 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1820–1829 | 2 |
| 1830–1839 | 1 |
| 1840–1849 | 1 |
| 1850–1859 | 1 |
| 1860–1869 | 18 |
| 1870–1879 | 154 |
| 1880–1889 | 390 |
| 1890–1899 | 585 |
| 1900–1909 | 144 |
| 1910–1919 | 208 |
| 1920–1929 | 203 |
| 1930–1939 | 229 |
| 1940–1949 | 8 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 89 |
| Karl Viljak | 60 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 44 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 33 |
| koguja teadmata | 30 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,090)
- ERAB: AES, MT 34, 1/3, AES, MT 40, 9 (12), AES, MT 44, 1, AES, MT 44, 3/4, AES, MT 102, 34 (6), AES, MT 163, 10/12 (6), AES, MT 205, 11/6, AES, MT 205, 31, AES MT 210, 3/5, AES, MT 219, 14, AES, MT 236, 55/6, ARS 1, 666/8 (1), ARS 1, 849 (4), ARS 1, 851/7 (1), ARS 1, 900 (1), ARS 2, 69/71 (9), E A 117/9 (2), E A 121/2 (5), E A 207/8 (2), E A 255/6 (20), E A 274/5 (35), E A 325/6 (11), E A 337/8 (24), E A 396/7 (2), E A 413/9 (2), E A 468/9 (15), E A 519/21 (8), E A 584/6 (6), E A 607/8 (583), E A 609/12 (584), E A 615/6 (2), E A 670/1 (5), E A 740/1, E A 744/5, E A 776/7 (8), E A 830/1 (8), E A 898 (22), E A 902 (7), E A 937/9 (1), E A 942/3 (6), E A 962 (2), E A 979 (9), E A 1056/8 (8), E A 1067 (1000), EKLA, f. 199, m. 5: 1, l. 153-154, EKmS 4° 1, 12 (14), EKmS 4° 1, 22/3 (27), EKmS 4° 1, 44/5 (55), EKmS 4° 1, 134/5 (208), EKmS 4° 1, 136/7 (210), EKmS 4° 1, 143 (221), EKmS 4° 1, 179/80 (277), EKmS 4° 1, 277/83, EKmS 4° 1, 290/1, EKmS 4° 1, 341/5 (12), EKmS 4° 1, 350/1 (18), EKmS 4° 1, 365/7 (37), EKmS 4° 1, 501/4 (1), EKmS 4° 2, 8/11 (3b), EKmS 4° 2, 99 (10)
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: hauta
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.