mõistma

‘understand’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	understand
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	8,404
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 8,401

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

mõista, mõistis, mõistsin, mõistke, mõistan, mõistab, mõistnud, mõistkem, mõisti, mõistsid, mõistsi, mõistse, mõist, mõistad, mõistai, mõistas, mõisteti, mõistin, mõistsõ, mõesta, mõistnu, mõistaas, moistke, mõistetakse, mõistat, moistsin, mõistateme, mõistasi, möista, moistis, mõistaks, moistin, mõistaei, mõistaksin, mõistap, mõistma, mõistame, möistis, mõestan, moistan … and 134 more of 174 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

mõistma · 47

1. aru saama, taipama; milleski selgusele jõudma v. selgusel olema
2. mõistatama, ära arvama
3. oskama
4. kellegi, millegi kohta otsust langetama, hinnangut andma, oma suhtumist määratlema; (kohtu)otsusega määrama

EMS

mõistma

aru saama, taipama; märkama; selgusele jõudma või selgusel olema
mäletama
oskama
reageerima, alluma

(+4)

Idamurre

mõistma

mõistatama

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
understand (understood, understands, understanding)	7,402	80.7%
guess (guessed)	969	10.6%
know (knows, knew)	295	3.2%
judge (judged, judges)	144	1.6%
let (let's)	128	1.4%
answer (answered, answers)	97	1.1%
interpret (interpreted, interprets, interpreting)	67	0.7%
solve (solved)	50	0.5%
sentence (sentenced)	12	0.1%
decide (decided, decides)	10	0.1%
Uses counted	9,172

Example verses

mis sa iks laulat kui ei mõista (AES, MT 40, 12/4 (17)) read in context
Why sing, if you don’t understand,
musta mõistab tüüd tetä (AES, MT 40, 26 (35)) read in context
The dark one knows work to do,
mina küll mõistsin kohe kostsin (AES, MT 62, 17/8) read in context
I understood, replied at once:
ammu teada muiste mõista kaske (AES, MT 65, 11) read in context
Known since ancient times, or what?
ei teie mõista tänada (AES, MT 66, 8/8) read in context
You do not know to be grateful!
mõistke mõistke õed ja ellad (AES, MT 76, 12/3 (5)) read in context
Understand, understand, sisters and kin,
eit oli tarka mõistis kostis (AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2)) read in context
Mother was wise, she answered:
ei mõista künda ei äesta (AES MT 287, 18/9) read in context
He can't plow, can't harrow,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
kostma	25,475	2,800
vastu	6,666	1,231
kohe	4,339	649
jälle	3,007	526
õde	1,583	379
miks	1,247	274
tark	926	206
mõrd	922	107

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Unenägu	168
Laulu võim	145
Mõistatus	133
Kaevul kosija	112
Kust laulud saadud	109
Ema haual	98
Lauliku sõim	89
Kust laulud	87

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	266
Kolga-Jaani	237
Karksi	188
Viljandi	131
Vändra	126
Põltsamaa	116
Tori	113
Halliste	106
Haljala	98
Pilistvere	95

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	13
1840–1849	9
1850–1859	5
1860–1869	47
1870–1879	388
1880–1889	1,120
1890–1899	1,166
1900–1909	269
1910–1919	219
1920–1929	384
1930–1939	387
1940–1949	22

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	176
Oskar Philipp Kallas	120
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	87
koguja teadmata	79
Jaan Bergmann	66

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,321)

ERAB: AES, MT 40, 12/4 (17), AES, MT 40, 26 (35), AES, MT 62, 17/8, AES, MT 65, 11, AES, MT 66, 8/8, AES, MT 76, 12/3 (5), AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2), AES MT 287, 18/9, AES, MT 117, 62 (19), AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 200, 59/61, AES, MT 200, 66, AES, MT 205, 6/7, AES, MT 219, 15, AES, MT 262, 6, ARS 1, 437/41 (2), ARS 1, 473/4 (1), ARS 1, 492/5 (7), ARS 1, 501/5 (11), ARS 1, 666/8 (1), ARS 1, 731/3 (1), ARS 1, 735/8 (3), ARS 2, 13/27 (1), ARS 2, 250 (18), ARS 2, 330 (97), E A 33 (53), E A 47/8 (88), E A 78/9 (145), E A 178/80 (4), E A 232/3 (1), E A 236/7 (5), E A 237/8 (6), E A 242/4 (10), E A 262/4 (25), E A 264/7 (26), E A 269/71 (30), E A 274/5 (35), E A 316/7 (3), E A 357 (3), E A 365 (11), E A 372 (15), E A 402/3 (9), E A 406 (14), E A 466 (13), E A 472 (3), E A 581/2 (10), E A 609/12 (584), E A 623/4 (7), E A 650/2 (21), E A 672/3 (6), E A 739, E A 741/2, E A 755/6 (1), E A 757 (3), E A 806 (17), E A 873/4 (16), E A 884/5 (9), E A 907 (8), E A 915/6 (29), E A 917

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.