pidama

‘must’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	must
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	9,579
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 9,578

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

pean, peab, pidada, pidi, pidama, peaks, pidin, piad, pidasin, piab, peame, peeti, pidage, pidas, pias, peeta, pidid, peate, pidasid, peaksin, peavad, pidanud, piaks, pidämä, pidagem, pidand, pidagu, pidamaie, piame, pidäde, pidades, pidame, peasin, pidade, pidädä, pidasi, peava, piate, pidamata, peetakse … and 181 more of 221 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

pidama · pidada, pean, pidin, pidi, pidav, pidagu, pidanud

1. kohustatud v. sunnitud olema midagi tegema
2. põhjust, alust omama v. olema; sobivaks, otstarbekaks, vajalikuks osutuma
3. kavatsema, plaanitsema; midagi plaanis, ettenähtud olema
4. midagi sisesunnist, sisemisest vajadusest tegemata jätta mitte suutma

(+6)

pidama · kõnek

1. kusagil v. mingis olukorras hoidma
2. säilitama, alal hoidma, mitte lakata v. kaduda laskma
3. midagi v. kedagi tagasi hoidma; ohjeldama, takistama
4. pikemat aega, kestvamalt ühes paigas v. ühesugusena püsima

(+13)

EMS

pidama

midagi või kedagi kusagil või mingis olukorras hoidma
säilitama, alal hoidma; mitte loobuma, millestki kinni pidama
midagi või kedagi tagasi hoidma, ohjeldama
kestvamalt ühes kohas või ühesugusena püsima; vastu pidama, kestma

(+21)

pidama

kohustatud või sunnitud olema midagi tegema
põhjust omama või olema; vajalikuks, otstarbekaks osutuma
kavatsema, plaanima
väljendab kaudset teadmist või kuuldut

(+2)

Idamurre

pidama

hoidma arvama

pidama

kohustatud olema

Seto

pidama

kellegi eest hoolitsema; järele vaatama, valvama ku om elläi `höste joonõh hoiõt, om liha`tõrdok

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
must	3,720	38.4%
hold (held, holding, holds)	1,861	19.2%
keep (kept, keeping, keeps)	1,551	16.0%
consider (considered, considers, considering)	155	1.6%
head (heads, head's)	135	1.4%
let (let's)	99	1.0%
along	78	0.8%
hand (hands)	67	0.7%
maintain (maintained, maintains, maintaining)	66	0.7%
wear (wore)	46	0.5%
Uses counted	9,679

Example verses

pulmanõu pulmanõu pidamaie (AES, MT 3, 12) read in context
To hold the wedding council, the wedding council.
kuhu pean mustaga menema (AES, MT 3, 15) read in context
Where must I go with the dark one,
pulmad kinni peavad (AES, MT 3, 19) read in context
The wedding must be sealed,
pühäbä pühä pidäsin (AES, MT 4, 2) read in context
I kept the holy feast,
siis piad püsut magama (AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6)) read in context
Then you must sleep little
piaks ma piisa viima saama (AES, MT 27, 32/4) read in context
If I could get a sip,
sõrmus see piäb ümber käimä (AES, MT 28, 5/6) read in context
The ring must go around,
piaks mu isa seda tiadma (AES, MT 49, 17/8 (7)) read in context
If only my father knew this!

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
minema	2,340	1,153
kuhu	1,849	340
pooleli	1,839	171
aru	1,499	282
ikka	1,422	335
nõu	1,241	180
pidu	1,050	164
pulm	957	193

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Venna sõjalugu	154
Must naine	138
Sõjalaul	110
Laulu võim	105
Ema haual	101
Teng, hobu, naine	100
Neiu linn	90
Oleks see mees minu!	86

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Haljala	298
Kuusalu	231
Kolga-Jaani	189
Karksi	182
Paistu	177
Ambla	175
Jõhvi	172
Viljandi	158
Kadrina	151
Halliste	146

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	9
1830–1839	1
1840–1849	4
1850–1859	5
1860–1869	37
1870–1879	400
1880–1889	1,500
1890–1899	1,778
1900–1909	426
1910–1919	579
1920–1929	496
1930–1939	648
1940–1949	41

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	250
Karl Viljak	191
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	168
Oskar Philipp Kallas	118
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	116

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 6,321)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 12, AES, MT 3, 15, AES, MT 3, 19, AES, MT 4, 2, AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6), AES, MT 27, 32/4, AES, MT 28, 5/6, AES, MT 49, 17/8 (7), AES, MT 62, 17, AES, MT 62, 17/8, AES, MT 65, 11, AES, MT 66, 10/12, AES, MT 70, 24, AES, MT 76, 32/3 (4), AES, MT 141, 32/3, AES, MT 165, 3/4, AES, MT 174, 34/5, AES, MT 174, 39, AES, MT 180, 2 (c), AES, MT 186, 111/2, AES, MT 200, 69/71, AES MT 208, 21/3, AES MT 208, 24/7, AES, MT 230, 8/9, ARS 1, 458 (2), ARS 1, 519/23 (1), ARS 1, 733/5 (2), ARS 1, 735/8 (3), ARS 1, 850 (6), ARS 1, 851/7 (1), ARS 2, 28/32 (2a), ARS 2, 47/65 (7), ARS 2, 276 (43), E A 5/6 (6), E A 10 (14), E A 11 (17), E A 21/2 (5), E A 24 (3), E A 42 (73), E A 59 (106), E A 64/5 (118), E A 71/2 (132), E A 81/2 (152), E A 119/20, E A 147 (1), E A 150 (6), E A 166/9 (8), E A 189/91 (1), E A 191/3 (2), E A 198/9 (4), E A 199/200 (5), E A 212 (3), E A 213/4 (10), E A 222/1 (16), E A 223/4 (268), E A 252/3 (17), E A 264/7 (26), E A 277/8 (37), E A 284/5 (43), E A 286/8 (45)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: pitää

← pestä pieni →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.