kündma

‘plow’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	plow
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	5,386
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 5,386

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

kündsin, kündemaie, künnab, kündsid, künni, kündis, künnud, künna, künnin, künnan, kündema, künd, kündamaie, kündi, kündemasta, künda, kündma, kündvad, künnad, kündmä, kündemata, kündadessa, künnaks, kündades, künsin, künnäb, kündemahe, kündes, kündessagi, künname, küntud, kündnud, kündä, kündemas, kündemähe, künde, künden, künneti, kündama, kündämaie … and 197 more of 237 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

kündma · künnan 46

1. pinnasekihti harimise eesmärgil adraga ümber pöörama
2. (meresõitmise kohta)

EMS

kündma

adraga pinnast ümber pöörama
vagusid, uurdeid tegema, uuristama
(meresõidust)
(suguelust)

(+1)

Idamurre

kündma

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
plow (plowed, plowing, plows, plow's)	7,181	97.4%
plough (ploughed, ploughs, ploughing, ploughing's)	67	0.9%
unplowed	61	0.8%
while	52	0.7%
even	27	0.4%
plowing (plowings)	10	0.1%
Uses counted	7,375

Example verses

künna küütu kalla lauku (AES, MT 3, 10 (32)) read in context
mina künnin ja vaatsin (AES, MT 3, 14/5) read in context
I plowed and kept watch,
koerad kündsid põllu peal (AES, MT 3, 15) read in context
Dogs plowed the field,
küüdud ärjad kündsid (AES, MT 3, 23) read in context
"Yoked oxen plowed it."
küüdud ärjad kündsid ülesse (AES, MT 3, 24) read in context
Yoked oxen plowed it up.
siäl ma kündsin küüdu sarved (AES, MT 4, 2) read in context
There I plowed the harrow's horns.
siis pandi papid kündämaie (AES, MT 19, 2) read in context
Then the priests were set to plowing,
ader üles künd (AES, MT 34, 6/8) read in context
The plow turned it up.

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
põld	5,840	827
härg	3,278	652
küla	1,766	474
üles	1,735	403
küsima	1,381	281
mõõdumaa	1,358	115
küüdud	1,237	127
küüt	1,220	135

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Liiri-lõõri!	335
Imed	179
Liiri-lõõri	155
Härjad murtud	143
Kättemaks sakstele	143
Müüdud neiu	117
Liiri, lõõri	104
Laulu võim	93

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	217
Kuusalu	147
Haljala	147
Kolga-Jaani	111
Viljandi	111
Tõstamaa	105
Ambla	105
Vändra	100
Jõhvi	98
Vigala	91

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1640–1649	1
1820–1829	4
1830–1839	1
1840–1849	4
1850–1859	3
1860–1869	38
1870–1879	321
1880–1889	1,040
1890–1899	1,234
1900–1909	274
1910–1919	336
1920–1929	425
1930–1939	406
1940–1949	20

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	145
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	131
Karl Viljak	120
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	86
Oskar Philipp Kallas	81

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,362)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 10 (32), AES, MT 3, 14/5, AES, MT 3, 15, AES, MT 3, 23, AES, MT 3, 24, AES, MT 4, 2, AES, MT 19, 2, AES, MT 34, 6/8, AES, MT 40, 6/7 (9), AES, MT 40, 27 (36), AES, MT 43, 66, AES, MT 44, 2/3, AES, MT 49, 13/4 (4), AES, MT 58, 2/3, AES, MT 76, 12/3 (5), AES, MT 86, AES MT 287, 18/9, AES, MT 88, 33/5, AES, MT 100, 1, AES, MT 102, 25 (1), AES, MT 102, 32 (2), AES, MT 118, 6, AES, MT 141, 6/7, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 163, 8/10 (5), AES, MT 183, 17/8, AES, MT 217, 1/2, AES, MT 220, 6, AES, MT 230, 1/2, AES, MT 236, 32, AES, MT 236, 49, AES, MT 247, 54, AES, MT 257, 7/8, AES, MT 261, 33/4, AES, MT 262, 11, AES, MT 262, 12, AES, MT 266, 7/9, AES, MT 283, 20/1 (2), ARS 1, 437/41 (2), ARS 1, 509/12 (1), ARS 1, 900 (3), ARS 2, 13/27 (1), ARS 2, 97/9 (22), ARS 2, 115 (2), ARS 2, 236/8 (10), ARS 2, 242/4 (12), E A 4 (3), E A 5 (4), E A 6/7 (8), E A 34/5 (55, 56), E A 34 (54), E A 36/7 (60), E A 43/4 (77), E A 56 (99), E A 73 (134), E A 74 (137), E A 81/2 (152), E A 97, E A 107 (24), E A 125/6 (1)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: kyntää

← küla küsima →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.