hall

‘gray’ · runosong lemma · Estonian adjective

English gloss	gray
Part of speech	adjective
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	9,195
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 9,195

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

halli, hallid, hall, hallil, halle, hallikene, hallõ, hallas, halliga, hallile, hallast, hallal, halliks, hallida, hallist, hallidele, hallis, hallisida, hailli, hallila, hallade, hallilegi, hallkõnõ, hallad, hallidega, hallide, halel, hallilani, hallilla, hallest, hallilõ, hallõl, hallü, halleks, hallet, hallisid, hallõst, haill, hailliga, halid … and 35 more of 75 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

hall · 24

temperatuuri langemisel alla 0∆ C õhus olevast veeaurust tekkinud ebaühtlane jääkristallide kiht maapinnal, taimedel ja esemetel (hrl. kevadel ja sügisel)

hall · 22

1. värvuselt musta ja valge vahepealne
2. valge ja pimeda vahepealne, hämar; sombune
3. kaugesse minevikku ulatuv, ajaloo hämarusse kaduv
4. üksluine, ühetooniline, vaheldusetu, tuim, igav

(+1)

Idamurre

hall

härmatis

hall

malaaria

Seto

hall

halla `halla öökülm, hall

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
gray (gray's, grays)	6,141	80.9%
grey (grey's)	1,149	15.1%
frost (frost's)	114	1.5%
grayish	54	0.7%
miserable	54	0.7%
little	51	0.7%
sad	34	0.4%
pitiful	21	0.3%
mold	20	0.3%
horse	14	0.2%
Uses counted	7,588

Example verses

turtur toomas hallas (AES, MT 102, 34 (6)) read in context
haava halli kainelasse (AES, MT 141, 10/1) read in context
To the shelter of the gray aspen,
hallõ tähe hariduistõ (AES, MT 145, 1/12) read in context
Gray star of education.
hallast kõost ma lastukõisi lahi (AES, MT 247, 52) read in context
hiiru viivä halli tuuva (AES, MT 262, 28/9) read in context
"Mice steal, gray ones replace,"
hiirokõnõ õks hallkõnõ leigo leigo (ARS 1, 474/5 (2)) read in context
hiiro hallkõnõ leikoleiko (ARS 1, 649/50 (1)) read in context
hauka sa halli hauda mine (ARS 1, 666/8 (1)) read in context
"Pike, you gray one, go to the grave!"

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
hirnuma	2,338	303
hõbehelmes	1,431	149
kuub	1,413	294
haukkua	1,337	228
ais	1,188	190
ajama	1,133	324
haisutama	1,038	104
rakk	861	129

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Kaevul kosija	212
Suude sulg	181
Venna sõjalugu	178
Sõjalaul	125
Memme vaev	116
Küla ütel	105
Kosjahobu söötmine	87
Oleks see mees minu!	74

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	164
Ambla	155
Kolga-Jaani	151
Kuusalu	148
Karksi	139
Tõstamaa	138
Haljala	126
Kadrina	120
Tarvastu	117
Väike-Maarja	113

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	7
1840–1849	9
1850–1859	3
1860–1869	27
1870–1879	321
1880–1889	995
1890–1899	1,457
1900–1909	348
1910–1919	320
1920–1929	434
1930–1939	450
1940–1949	15

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	226
koguja teadmata	93
Peeter Penna	76
Jüri Välbe	65
Hans Siimer	57

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,735)

ERAB: AES, MT 102, 34 (6), AES, MT 141, 10/1, AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 247, 52, AES, MT 262, 28/9, ARS 1, 474/5 (2), ARS 1, 649/50 (1), ARS 1, 666/8 (1), ARS 1, 707 (1), ARS 1, 807 (2), ARS 1, 817 (11), ARS 1, 851/7 (1), ARS 1, 910/13 (1), ARS 2, 47/65 (7), ARS 2, 329 (96), ARS 2, 699/704 (1), E A 8/9 (12), E A 12 (20), E A 23 (2), E A 26/7 (3), E A 32/3 (52), E A 71/2 (132), E A 74/5 (138), E A 77/8 (143), E A 97, E A 103 (14), E A 134/6 (7), E A 166 (7), E A 194 (4), E A 198/9 (4), E A 207/8 (2), E A 233/4 (3), E A 234/5 (4), E A 242/4 (10), E A 244/8 (11), E A 249 (13), E A 262/4 (25), E A 303/7, E A 315, E A 320/2 (8), E A 325/6 (11), E A 355 (1), E A 360 (7), E A 383 (14), E A 409/13 (1), E A 429/32, E A 432/5 (1), E A 435/7 (2), E A 437/9 (3), E A 457/8 (4), E A 461/2 (7), E A 516 (4), E A 579/80 (8), E A 595/8; 613/4, E A 600/1 (3), E A 601/2 (4), E A 603/6 (582), E A 607/8 (583), E A 625 (11), E A 627/8 (15)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: halli

← hakkama hammas →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.