hakkama
‘begin’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb
| English gloss | begin |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | verb |
| Language | Estonian |
| Total occurrences | 10,615 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 10,615 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
hakkas, hakkan, akkas, hakkasin, hakkab, akkan, hakka, naka, hakas, hakkame, akkasin, hakkasid, akas, akkab, hakkad, haksin, hakan, hakasin, akkame, akasin, akkad, aksin, nakat, akkasid, hakab, hakata, nakkat, nakad, hakkavad, akkasi, hakati, haku, hakame, akkavad, hakatie, hakkasime, hakasid, akame, aksi, hakkand … and 164 more of 204 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
hakkama · 48
- 1. mingi tegevuse juurde asuma; midagi, mingit uut elukorda alustama (seostub hrl. -infinitiiviga)
- 2. väljendab mingi olukorra, aistingu, tunde, meeleolu tekkimist
- 3. mingisse ametisse, tööalale asuma; mingisse olukorda, vahekorda astuma
- 4. algama, peale hakkama
hakkama
- toime tulema; midagi (ära) tegema, korda saatma
Idamurre
hakkama
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| begin (began, begins, beginning, begun) | 11,402 | 87.3% |
| start (started, starts, starting) | 1,254 | 9.6% |
| let (let's) | 82 | 0.6% |
| like | 63 | 0.5% |
| grab (grabbed, grabs) | 24 | 0.2% |
| go | 20 | 0.2% |
| window (windows) | 18 | 0.1% |
| bite (bitten) | 14 | 0.1% |
| embrace (embracing) | 14 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 13,066 |
Example verses
- ema akkas võid tegema (AES, MT 3, 4 (10)) read in context
Mother began making butter, - akkas kuhja juo kuduma (AES, MT 3, 7 (23)) read in context
Began weaving the stack, - kuis akkab mure minule (AES, MT 3, 8/9 (27)) read in context
How sorrow starts for me, - nüüd akkan mina menema mua emakene (AES, MT 3, 12) read in context
Now I begin to depart, my dear mother, - siis akkas põlvista põdema (AES, MT 3, 17) read in context
Then the knee began to ache, - ümbär kaela akkasin (AES, MT 3, 19) read in context
Threw my arms around her neck! - akkame mehed menema (AES, MT 3, 20) read in context
Let us hasten the men to go, - mina ägap täna midagida (AES, MT 27, 32/4) read in context
I, fierce one, have something today,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| laulma | 4,740 | 1,167 |
| põdema | 2,631 | 338 |
| põlv | 1,331 | 330 |
| hale | 1,220 | 209 |
| ks | 1,183 | 721 |
| paluma | 1,122 | 299 |
| minema | 1,082 | 1,037 |
| luulema | 1,039 | 162 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Laulu võim | 638 |
| Kust laulud saadud | 313 |
| Põlvist põdema | 311 |
| Tõbine naine | 296 |
| Kust laulud | 251 |
| Kosjahobu söötmine | 173 |
| Venna sõjalugu | 173 |
| Loomine | 164 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Kuusalu | 376 |
| Haljala | 300 |
| Tõstamaa | 283 |
| Setumaa | 253 |
| Ambla | 230 |
| Kadrina | 208 |
| Väike-Maarja | 190 |
| Muhu | 177 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 174 |
| Jõhvi | 160 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1820–1829 | 2 |
| 1830–1839 | 2 |
| 1840–1849 | 17 |
| 1850–1859 | 4 |
| 1860–1869 | 20 |
| 1870–1879 | 387 |
| 1880–1889 | 1,705 |
| 1890–1899 | 2,201 |
| 1900–1909 | 482 |
| 1910–1919 | 684 |
| 1920–1929 | 670 |
| 1930–1939 | 742 |
| 1940–1949 | 32 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 333 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 269 |
| Karl Viljak | 254 |
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | 193 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 173 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 7,469)
- ERAB: AES, MT 3, 4 (10), AES, MT 3, 7 (23), AES, MT 3, 8/9 (27), AES, MT 3, 12, AES, MT 3, 17, AES, MT 3, 19, AES, MT 3, 20, AES, MT 27, 32/4, AES, MT 43, 70/1, AES, MT 49, 17/8 (7), AES, MT 49, 19 (8), AES, MT 54, 3 (4), AES, MT 54, 5/8 (8), AES, MT 60, 31/2 (17), AES, MT 60, 33 (20), AES, MT 65, 14, AES, MT 65, 15, AES, MT 66, 1/2, AES, MT 66, 8/10, AES, MT 70, 24, AES, MT 76, 17/9 (10), AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2), AES, MT 99, 8/10, AES, MT 117, 57/8 (11), AES, MT 141, 18/20, AES, MT 141, 24/5, AES, MT 141, 28/30, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 141, 32/3, AES, MT 152, 3/6, AES, MT 163, 13/15 (7), AES, MT 163, 15/17 (8), AES, MT 165, 3/4, AES, MT 171, 1/3, AES, MT 174, 34/5, AES, MT 174, 37/8, AES, MT 174, 41, AES, MT 188, 53/4 (1), AES, MT 197, 5/8, AES, MT 200, 62, AES MT 208, 24/7, AES, MT 217, 1/2, AES, MT 222, 30/1, AES, MT 230, 9/10, AES, MT 252, 7, AES, MT 262, 41, ARS 1, 527/31 (1), ARS 1, 808/10 (4), ARS 1, 851/7 (1), ARS 2, 251 (19), ARS 2, 252 (20), ARS 2, 314/5 (82), E A 4 (3), E A 12 (20), E A 19 (1), E A 24/5 (6), E A 28 (7), E A 34/5 (55, 56), E A 34 (54), E A 44 (78)
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: hakata
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.
Forms of other words are left out of the verses and counts.
In Finnish: hakka