hakkama
‘began’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish verb
| English gloss | began |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | verb |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 10,965 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 350 poems, ERAB 10,615 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
hakkas, hakkan, akkas, naksi, nakas, hakkasin, hakkab, akkan, hakka, nakka, aab, naka, hakas, akkasin, hakkasid, nakkas, akas, aan, naas, akkab, haksin, hakan, ruvva, hata, akasin, akkad, aksin, nakat, hakata, nakkat, naatas, nakad, naakui, akkasi, nakse, haku, naakõ, haksid, akab, ürgan … and 375 more of 415 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
hakkama · 48
- 1. mingi tegevuse juurde asuma; midagi, mingit uut elukorda alustama (seostub hrl. -infinitiiviga)
- 2. väljendab mingi olukorra, aistingu, tunde, meeleolu tekkimist
- 3. mingisse ametisse, tööalale asuma; mingisse olukorda, vahekorda astuma
- 4. algama, peale hakkama
hakkama
- toime tulema; midagi (ära) tegema, korda saatma
Idamurre
hakkama
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English senses in context
How the AI analysis rendered this lemma in English, as a share of the entry’s analyzed uses. The analysis groups a lemma with its variant and cognate spellings, so close cognates can share one profile.
| Sense | Share |
|---|---|
| began | 44.9% |
| begin | 23.8% |
| begins | 8.8% |
| chop | 6.1% |
| start | 5.7% |
| chopped | 3.0% |
| started | 2.6% |
| chops | 0.8% |
| beat | 0.8% |
| starts | 0.5% |
Example verses
- ema akkas võid tegema (AES, MT 3, 4 (10)) read in context
Mother began making butter, - akkas kuhja juo kuduma (AES, MT 3, 7 (23)) read in context
Began weaving the stack, - kuis akkab mure minule (AES, MT 3, 8/9 (27)) read in context
How sorrow starts for me, - nüüd akkan mina menema mua emakene (AES, MT 3, 12) read in context
Now I begin to depart, my dear mother, - kui hakkan kuuldusid kuduma (Kalevipoeg Sissejuhatuseks) read in context
When I weave tidings, - täht hakkab koju minema (Kalevipoeg 1) read in context
The star began homeward, - kui mina hakkan kuulutama (Kalevipoeg 2) read in context
When I begin to proclaim, - hakkas hunte nülgimaie (Kalevipoeg 3) read in context
Began skinning the wolves;
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| laulma | 4,740 | 1,167 |
| põdema | 2,631 | 338 |
| põlv | 1,331 | 330 |
| hale | 1,220 | 209 |
| ks | 1,183 | 721 |
| paluma | 1,122 | 299 |
| minema | 1,082 | 1,037 |
| luulema | 1,039 | 162 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Laulu võim | 660 |
| Põlvist põdema | 322 |
| Kust laulud saadud | 308 |
| Tõbine naine | 306 |
| Kust laulud | 251 |
| Venna sõjalugu | 218 |
| Kosjahobu söötmine | 167 |
| Loomine | 165 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Setumaa | 928 |
| Kuusalu | 341 |
| Haljala | 264 |
| Tõstamaa | 248 |
| Ambla | 222 |
| Kadrina | 187 |
| Väike-Maarja | 177 |
| Muhu | 167 |
| Räpina | 167 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 160 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1820–1829 | 5 |
| 1830–1839 | 7 |
| 1840–1849 | 16 |
| 1850–1859 | 6 |
| 1860–1869 | 74 |
| 1870–1879 | 567 |
| 1880–1889 | 1,852 |
| 1890–1899 | 2,336 |
| 1900–1909 | 539 |
| 1910–1919 | 695 |
| 1920–1929 | 796 |
| 1930–1939 | 1,130 |
| 1940–1949 | 63 |
| 1950–1959 | 1 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 292 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 261 |
| Karl Viljak | 224 |
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | 189 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 159 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 8,629)
- KR: Kalevipoeg Sissejuhatuseks, Kalevipoeg 1, Kalevipoeg 2, Kalevipoeg 3, Kalevipoeg 4, Kalevipoeg 5, Kalevipoeg 6, Kalevipoeg 7, Kalevipoeg 8, Kalevipoeg 9, Kalevipoeg 10, Kalevipoeg 11, Kalevipoeg 12, Kalevipoeg 13, Kalevipoeg 14, Kalevipoeg 15, Kalevipoeg 16, Kalevipoeg 18, Kalevipoeg 19, Kalevipoeg 20, KR 35:11, KR 37:25, KR 43:396, KR 50:23, KR 53:168, Wanha Kalevala 24, Wanha Kalevala - toisintoja 22, Kanteletar 3:6
- ERAB: AES, MT 3, 4 (10), AES, MT 3, 7 (23), AES, MT 3, 8/9 (27), AES, MT 3, 12, AES, MT 3, 17, AES, MT 3, 19, AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6), AES, MT 27, 32/4, AES, MT 28, 7/9, AES, MT 40, 11/2 (16), AES, MT 40, 14/6 (18), AES, MT 43, 70/1, AES, MT 49, 17/8 (7), AES, MT 54, 3 (4), AES, MT 54, 5/8 (8), AES, MT 60, 31/2 (17), AES, MT 64, 32/3, AES, MT 65, 14, AES, MT 65, 15, AES, MT 66, 1/2, AES, MT 66, 8/10, AES, MT 70, 24, AES, MT 76, 17/9 (10), AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2), AES, MT 99, 8/10, AES, MT 117, 57/8 (11), AES, MT 141, 18/20, AES, MT 141, 28/30, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 141, 32/3, AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 152, 3/6
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: alkaa
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. English senses come from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.