kukkuma

‘fall; call cuckoo’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	fall; call cuckoo
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	7,943
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 7,943

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

kuku, kukub, kukkus, kukun, kukkumaie, kukus, kukud, kukkun, kukkub, kukkund, kukumaie, kukuks, kukkugu, kukkuma, kukume, kukkusid, kukva, kukkunessa, kukuvad, kukunessa, kukkumasta, kukkunud, kukup, kukutakse, kukve, kukkuvat, kukund, kukuv, kukkuda, kukum, kuukvat, kukkudes, kukuli, kukelesid, kukkusime, kukusin, kukuksin, kukkud, kukkumata, kukkuveta … and 94 more of 134 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

kukkuma · kukun 43

(käo häälitsemise kohta)

kukkuma · kukun 43

2. püsti-, istumis- vm. normaalasendit kaotama, sellest välja langema
3. vabalt (pehmelt) rippuma (hrl. riideeseme kohta), langema
4. (järsult) alanema, langema
5. järsku mingisuguseks muutuma, mingisse teise (psüühilisse) seisundisse minema

(+2)

EMS

kukkuma

alla(poole) langema
alt minema, ebaõnnestuma, hätta jääma
langema, vajuma
kujunema, välja tulema

(+12)

kukkuma

(käo häälitsemisest)
(rääkimisest)

Idamurre

kukkuma

käo häälitsusest

kukkuma

hakkama

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
fall (fell, falls, fallen, falling)	5,846	66.5%
cuckoo (cuckoos, cuckooing, cuckoo's)	2,205	25.1%
crow (crows, crowed, crowing)	421	4.8%
call (calls, called, calling)	229	2.6%
let	35	0.4%
rooster (roosters)	27	0.3%
sing (sings, sang, singing)	23	0.3%
perch (perches)	12	0.1%
cry (crying, cried)	9	0.1%
Uses counted	8,794

Example verses

sinu suusta kukub kuolta (AES, MT 3, 11 (37)) read in context
From your mouth falls death/grave-matter.
nied on kurjad kukkumaie (AES, MT 3, 21/2) read in context
They are wicked for tripping,
munad kukkusid mulgu alla (AES, MT 42, 9) read in context
Balls dropped under the Mulgus;
kuku kuku käokene kukku (AES, MT 43, 54) read in context
Cuckoo, cuckoo, little cuckoo, cuckoo
küla aga ütleb kuku kuku (AES, MT 43, 67) read in context
The village calls, "Cuckoo, cuckoo,"
kuku maha kuldatutti (AES, MT 43, 89) read in context
"Fall down, golden darling,
ema merde kukkubad (AES, MT 62, 17/8) read in context
Mother to plunge into the sea,
kuku uni kulmu peale (AES, MT 66, 7) read in context
Fall, sleep upon the brow,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
kägu	10,274	1,190
kurb	2,541	418
käoke	2,491	236
maha	2,277	518
kuld	1,972	540
lind	1,924	454
küla	1,428	443
ütlema	1,391	371

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Suude sulg	363
Küla ütel	225
Laulu võim	193
Kägu kukub	191
Tore neiu	151
Lauliku sõim	141
Ema haual	124
Kiigel kartlik	123

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Kolga-Jaani	154
Paistu	152
Kuusalu	151
Haljala	144
Ambla	129
Tõstamaa	125
Karksi	113
Halliste	113
Viljandi	108
Tarvastu	104

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	3
1840–1849	2
1860–1869	23
1870–1879	282
1880–1889	974
1890–1899	1,136
1900–1909	258
1910–1919	410
1920–1929	441
1930–1939	528
1940–1949	30

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	167
Karl Viljak	150
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	114
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	108
Oskar Philipp Kallas	73

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,374)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 11 (37), AES, MT 3, 21/2, AES, MT 42, 9, AES, MT 43, 54, AES, MT 43, 67, AES, MT 43, 89, AES, MT 62, 17/8, AES, MT 66, 7, AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2), AES, MT 102, 34 (5), AES, MT 117, 62 (20), AES, MT 141, 4, AES, MT 141, 15, AES, MT 163, 13/15 (7), AES, MT 174, 32/3, AES, MT 180, 2 (c), AES, MT 197, 4/5, AES, MT 230, 13/4, AES, MT 294, 34 (25), ARS 1, 804 (3), ARS 1, 817 (10), ARS 1, 818 (14), ARS 1, 867 (2), ARS 1, 900 (2), ARS 2, 97/9 (22), E A 3/4 (2), E A 22 (1), E A 25 (7), E A 26 (2), E A 45/6 (82), E A 100, E A 142/3 (12), E A 152/3 (8), E A 178/80 (4), E A 193 (3), E A 216/8 (15), E A 289 (46), E A 289/90 (47), E A 298/300 (12), E A 315, E A 319/20 (7), E A 322/3 (9), E A 339/40 (1), E A 360 (7), E A 363 (9), E A 372/3 (1), E A 413/9 (2), E A 437/9 (3), E A 441/2 (2), E A 601/2 (4), E A 615 (1), E A 615/6 (2), E A 626 (12), E A 628 (16), E A 629/30 (1), E A 630/1 (2), E A 632/3 (3), E A 636 (3), E A 644/6 (16), E A 648/9 (19)

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.