kuld
‘gold’ · runosong lemma · Estonian noun
| English gloss | gold |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian |
| Total occurrences | 9,716 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 9,716 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kulla, kulda, kullad, kullast, kuld, kullä, kullale, kullal, kullaga, kullel, kullas, kuldi, kullastagi, kullakõsõl, kullaks, kullakõist, kullala, kuldes, kullalõ, kulde, kullasse, kulõ, kullani, kullatagi, kuldesida, kullestagi, kullakõn, kuldä, kullalda, kuldade, kuldana, kullade, kullasid, kuldal, kuldaäksid, kulladet, kulladeta, kullakõsõh, kullassõ, kullesita … and 39 more of 79 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
kuld · kulla 23
- 1. keemiline element, helekollane läikiv pehme hästi töödeldav väärismetall (Au); seda elementi rohkesti sisaldav sulam
- 2. sellest metallist raha vm. ese(med)
- 3. miski, mis on (eriti värvuselt v. läikelt) selle metalli sarnane
- 4. (mitmesuguseis väljendeis millegi väga väärtusliku v. hea kohta)
EMS
kuld
- väärismetall, kuld
- (lendvahaiguse arstim)
- kuldraha
- kollane värvus
kuld
- naha pealiskiht
Idamurre
kuld
- kardpael
kuld
- naha pealmine kiht
Seto
kuld
- kuld; kuldraha tütäŕ ka kahit́s, et kagu saa õs mul `mintüss, saanum‿mullõ kuld ni
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| gold (gold's, golds) | 23,215 | 74.0% |
| dear (dear's, dears) | 4,247 | 13.5% |
| golden | 4,220 | 13.4% |
| little | 413 | 1.3% |
| darling (darlings) | 286 | 0.9% |
| kuld | 43 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 31,387 |
Example verses
- kus su kullas pesake (AES, MT 3, 1 (1)) read in context
Where is your golden nest? - musta kuke kullale (AES, MT 3, 2 (3)) read in context
For the black rooster's darling. - küll oli ella küll oli kulla (AES, MT 3, 7 (23)) read in context
There was plenty of food, plenty of gold, - kus su kullas pesa on (AES, MT 3, 24) read in context
Where is your golden nest? - kus su kulla pesakene (AES, MT 3, 24) read in context
Where is your dear little nest? - kus su kullas pesa on (AES, MT 3, 25) read in context
Where is your golden nest? - üks on kulla kuusemetsa (AES, MT 29, 3) read in context
One is a golden spruce forest. - kübäräle kulda nimme (AES, MT 34, 5) read in context
On the hat, a golden emblem,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kus | 4,825 | 1,459 |
| kuulma | 3,143 | 972 |
| pesa | 2,941 | 448 |
| kukk | 2,781 | 577 |
| kukkuma | 1,972 | 540 |
| kartma | 1,670 | 355 |
| kaar | 1,523 | 308 |
| pai | 1,481 | 254 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Liiri-lõõri! | 554 |
| Liiri-lõõri | 255 |
| Põlvist põdema | 209 |
| Tõbine naine | 204 |
| Lauliku sõim | 168 |
| Imemaa | 166 |
| Liiri, lõõri | 155 |
| Halb laulik | 134 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Setumaa | 996 |
| Kuusalu | 392 |
| Paistu | 319 |
| Haljala | 304 |
| Karksi | 280 |
| Ambla | 250 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 239 |
| Kadrina | 233 |
| Halliste | 222 |
| Tarvastu | 214 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1640–1649 | 1 |
| 1800–1809 | 1 |
| 1820–1829 | 3 |
| 1830–1839 | 2 |
| 1840–1849 | 9 |
| 1850–1859 | 6 |
| 1860–1869 | 98 |
| 1870–1879 | 617 |
| 1880–1889 | 2,133 |
| 1890–1899 | 2,603 |
| 1900–1909 | 674 |
| 1910–1919 | 792 |
| 1920–1929 | 960 |
| 1930–1939 | 1,314 |
| 1940–1949 | 68 |
| 1950–1959 | 1 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 329 |
| Karl Viljak | 285 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 240 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 188 |
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | 185 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 9,854)
- ERAB: AES, MT 3, 1 (1), AES, MT 3, 2 (3), AES, MT 3, 7 (23), AES, MT 3, 24, AES, MT 3, 24, AES, MT 3, 25, AES, MT 29, 3, AES, MT 34, 5, AES, MT 34, 6/8, AES, MT 43, 48/50, AES, MT 43, 68, AES, MT 45, 5/8, AES, MT 49, 20/1 (9), AES, MT 59, 5, AES, MT 62, 11 (2), AES, MT 65, 12/3, AES, MT 65, 14, AES, MT 66, 10/12, AES, MT 99, 8/10, AES, MT 130, 32/3 (3), AES, MT 141, 3, AES, MT 141, 5, AES, MT 141, 10/1, AES, MT 141, 15, AES, MT 141, 36/7, AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 174, 36, AES, MT 174, 42/3, AES, MT 183, 14/5, AES, MT 183, 17/8, AES, MT 186, 108, AES, MT 186, 109, AES, MT 186, 110, AES, MT 186, 113/5, AES, MT 197, 29/30, AES, MT 200, 69/71, AES, MT 205, 4/5, AES, MT 205, 11/6, AES MT 208, 17, AES MT 210, 6/8, AES, MT 219, 4, AES, MT 230, 11/2, AES, MT 236, 32, AES, MT 236, 42, AES, MT 236, 43/4, AES, MT 236, 49, AES, MT 244, 14, AES, MT 257, 8/10, AES, MT 259, 1/6, AES, MT 262, 32/3, AES, MT 262, 37, AES, MT 266, 7/9, AES, MT 283, 20/1 (2), ARS 1, 402/3 (5), ARS 1, 419 (1), ARS 1, 425/6 (3), ARS 1, 435/7 (1), ARS 1, 452/3 (1), ARS 1, 481 (3), ARS 1, 519/23 (1)
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: kulta
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.