kulta

‘gold’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun

English gloss	gold
Part of speech	noun
Language	Finnish
Total occurrences	14,799
By corpus	SKVR 8,515, JR 6,284, KR 478 poems, ERAB 0

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

kulta, kullan, kullat, kultain, kultaa, kultia, kullalla, kullalleni, kultan, kullallein, kultoa, kullalle, kultansa, kullassa, kultais, kullatta, kuldani, kullallensa, kultana, kultasi, kullakseni, kultaini, kullastani, kullain, kullalleen, kullastain, kullalleis, kullaltani, kullalta, kullakseen, kullall, kullallee, kullalleini, kullaltain, kullallain, kulltain, kultta, kullallani, kullatonta, kultai … and 221 more of 261 attested forms

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
gold (gold's, golds)	17,351	65.3%
dear (dear's)	5,683	21.4%
darling	2,399	9.0%
golden	1,322	5.0%
beloved	762	2.9%
sweetheart	163	0.6%
Uses counted	26,589

Example verses

pani kultoa tulehen (SKVR I1 21.) read in context
"put gold in the fire,"
kultoa vaiko hopieta (SKVR I1 26 a).) read in context
Gold or perhaps silver?"
on kullat itsellänikin (SKVR I1 40.) read in context
"I have gold myself,
laulo kuusen kulta latvan (SKVR I1 79.) read in context
Sang the spruce’s golden crown,
kylmän kulta kuumottaa (SKVR I1 80.) read in context
Cold gold grows hot.
kultalehvän kulta latvan (SKVR I1 83 b).) read in context
Golden leaves, golden crown.
kullat kuonan keittäjiltä (SKVR I1 89.) read in context
Golds from slag-boilers.
pani on kultoa tuleh on (SKVR I1 94.) read in context

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
ah	2,549	362
kulma	2,455	390
tuomas	1,824	290
kuluttaa	1,777	275
klaus	1,583	253
mikko	1,380	223
kuvata	1,307	179
palmikko	875	138

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Tuomaan runo	227
Kultaneito	164
Kultapyörätammi	108
Meren kosijat	104
Verensulku	93
Laulajan palkka	90
Nurmen neito	89
Raudan sanat	82

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Narvusi	658
Soikkola	272
Vuokkiniemi	262
Suistamo	205
Itä- ja Pohjois-Inkeri	176
Vuole	172
Lempaala	170
Ilomantsi	167
Uhtua	127
Sakkola	125

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1650–1659	1
1670–1679	1
1690–1699	4
1700–1709	16
1710–1719	1
1740–1749	1
1750–1759	1
1760–1769	4
1770–1779	1
1780–1789	35
1800–1809	6
1810–1819	107
1820–1829	152
1830–1839	445
1840–1849	787
1850–1859	853
1860–1869	111
1870–1879	244
1880–1889	1,139
1890–1899	840
1900–1909	654
1910–1919	814
1920–1929	251
1930–1939	1,189
1940–1949	185
1950–1959	268
1960–1969	218
1970–1979	2

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	795
Volmari Porkka	387
Perä-Pohjolan ja Lapin Kotiseutuyhdistys	298
Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori	258
Kaarle Krohn	253

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 8,350)

SKVR: SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 26 a)., SKVR I1 40., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 83 b)., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 94., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 101., SKVR I1 108., SKVR I1 145., SKVR I1 146., SKVR I1 147., SKVR I1 149., SKVR I1 156., SKVR I1 156 a)., SKVR I1 158., SKVR I1 160., SKVR I1 163., SKVR I1 163 a)., SKVR I1 164., SKVR I1 165., SKVR I1 169., SKVR I1 172., SKVR I1 180., SKVR I1 182., SKVR I1 183., SKVR I1 184., SKVR I1 184 a)., SKVR I1 185., SKVR I1 185 a)., SKVR I1 186., SKVR I1 187., SKVR I1 189., SKVR I1 193., SKVR I1 203., SKVR I1 227., SKVR I1 233., SKVR I1 234., SKVR I1 237., SKVR I1 240., SKVR I1 253 a)., SKVR I1 257., SKVR I1 259., SKVR I1 265., SKVR I1 268., SKVR I1 272., SKVR I1 273., SKVR I1 297., SKVR I1 298., SKVR I1 298 a)., SKVR I1 299., SKVR I1 315., SKVR I1 317., SKVR I1 321., SKVR I1 322., SKVR I1 325., SKVR I1 329., SKVR I1 330.

Related lemmas

Estonian cognate: kuld

← kulla kultainen →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.