lehm

‘cow’ · runosong lemma · Estonian noun

English gloss	cow
Part of speech	noun
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	7,985
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 7,985

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

lehma, lehmad, lehm, lehmi, lehmale, lehmal, lehmadelle, lehmäd, lehmadele, lehmast, lehmaks, lehmäle, lehmas, lehmalta, lehmalt, lehmadest, lehme, lehem, lehmist, lehmaga, lehmase, lehmasta, lehmile, lehmäh, lehmade, lehmisida, lihm, lehmasid, lehmata, lehmädestä, lehhmadest, lehmadeksi, lehmde, lehmega, lehmide, lehmielle, lehmise, lehmit, lehmädele, lehmäga … and 35 more of 75 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

lehm · -a 23

1. emane veis (esimesest poegimisest alates)
2. (emapõdra ja muu emase veislase kohta)
3. lohakas, räpane v. halbade elukommetega naisterahvas
4. (vangide žargoonis:) nuhk, pealekaebaja, koputaja

EMS

lehm

emane veis
vesi
kanepiõli
liiderlik naine

(+1)

Idamurre

lehm

Seto

lehm

hannaga `rehke

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
cow (cows, cow's, cows')	9,021	99.7%
little	90	1.0%
lehma	10	0.1%
Uses counted	9,048

Example verses

kes lehmad ära lüpsab (AES, MT 3, 3 (7)) read in context
Who milks the cows dry?
ema laudas kolme lehma (AES, MT 3, 13) read in context
In Mother's barn, three cows.
lühikene lüpsab lehma (AES, MT 3, 20) read in context
The short one milks the cow,
leiad lehmalta vasika (AES, MT 3, 21/2) read in context
You'll find a calf from the cow,
kunni ema toutab lehma (AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6)) read in context
Until mother milks the cow
ristikaina lehmielle (AES, MT 34, 1/3) read in context
Clover for the cows.
laanest lehma lõõritaja (AES, MT 36, 2/3) read in context
Grove's cow-milker,
lehmad ilma lüpsemata (AES, MT 43, 66) read in context
Cows unmilked.

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
lüpsma	17,877	1,533
piim	2,464	394
tõusma	2,337	503
lüpsik	2,290	224
lits	2,136	280
vasikas	1,481	221
lepik	1,254	199
hein	1,164	234

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Kits kile karja!	226
Imed	203
Ema haual	170
Lunastatav neiu	147
Müüdud neiu	122
Tule mulle!	107
Tule mulle	103
Mardilaul	102

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Kuusalu	200
Setumaa	143
Haljala	140
Kolga-Jaani	130
Tõstamaa	115
Ambla	112
Viljandi	111
Kadrina	102
Tarvastu	99
Halliste	96

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	2
1840–1849	3
1860–1869	23
1870–1879	254
1880–1889	1,011
1890–1899	1,289
1900–1909	300
1910–1919	372
1920–1929	463
1930–1939	599
1940–1949	41

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	158
Karl Viljak	128
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	122
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	85
Oskar Philipp Kallas	82

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,685)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 3 (7), AES, MT 3, 13, AES, MT 3, 20, AES, MT 3, 21/2, AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6), AES, MT 34, 1/3, AES, MT 36, 2/3, AES, MT 43, 66, AES, MT 43, 69, AES, MT 49, 17/8 (7), AES, MT 59, 9, AES, MT 60, 31/2 (17), AES, MT 64, 29, AES, MT 65, 11, AES, MT 84, 3/7, AES, MT 88, 38, AES, MT 102, 29 (4), AES, MT 117, 61 (16), AES, MT 117, 69 (32), AES, MT 141, 5, AES, MT 141, 8, AES, MT 141, 11, AES, MT 141, 33, AES, MT 141, 36/7, AES, MT 154, 8, AES, MT 171, 1/3, AES MT 206, 53/4, AES, MT 219, 14, AES, MT 247, 53, AES, MT 257, 22/3, AES, MT 262, 12, AES, MT 268, 4, AES, MT 289, 31/2, ARS 1, 731/3 (1), ARS 1, 820 (18), ARS 1, 867 (3), ARS 2, 28/32 (2a), E A 6 (7), E A 6/7 (8), E A 14 (23), E A 14/5 (24), E A 15 (25), E A 21 (4), E A 24/5 (6), E A 29/30 (10), E A 30 (11), E A 47/8 (88), E A 58 (104), E A 107 (22), E A 107 (24), E A 122/4 (6), E A 127/8 (2), E A 129/30 (4), E A 154 (10), E A 164/5 (6), E A 194 (4), E A 197 (2), E A 216/8 (15), E A 222/1 (16), E A 241/2 (9)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: lehmä

← laulu lehmä →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.