lehmä
‘cow’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | cow |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 9,175 |
| By corpus | SKVR 5,387, JR 3,788, KR 197 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
lehmä, lehmän, lehmät, lehmäni, lehmää, lehmiä, lehmästäis, lehmien, lehmällä, lehmäl, lehmille, lehmälle, lehmäin, lehmii, lehmiäni, lehmältäis, lehmäset, lehemän, lehmästä, lehmeä, lehmillä, lehmäst, lehmästäni, lehmiin, lehemä, lehmee, lehmästän, lehmy, lehemällä, lehmil, lehmiäin, lehmäksi, lehmäzeni, lehmiänsä, lehmiäsi, lehmäm, lehmänsä, lehemiä, lehmältä, lehmie … and 232 more of 272 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| cow (cows, cow's, cows') | 10,236 | 100.0% |
| little | 47 | 0.5% |
| Uses counted | 10,236 |
Example verses
- tuo sie luikku lehmän luuta (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
Bring a cow's hollow bone, - tuo sie luikku lehmän luuda (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
Bring a cow's udder scoop, - maiosta mahovan lehmän (SKVR I1 54.) read in context
From the milk of a full-bellied cow, - maiosta mahero lehmän (SKVR I1 54 a).) read in context
From earth, a spirit-cow - toivo lempo lehmäkseh (SKVR I1 79.) read in context
Turned Lempo to a cow, - toivo lempo lehmäkseen (SKVR I1 79 a).) read in context
Lempo craved a cow, - lehmät metsään levitän (SKVR I1 80.) read in context
"Scatter cows to woods" - paha toivo lehmäksese (SKVR I1 84.) read in context
Evil spirit became cow,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| lypsää | 5,783 | 708 |
| nuori | 3,593 | 810 |
| nänni | 2,760 | 339 |
| leski | 2,118 | 330 |
| voilusikka | 1,961 | 171 |
| lehto | 1,909 | 307 |
| lukkari | 1,761 | 268 |
| kello | 1,755 | 423 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Hiiri metsähän menevi | 349 |
| Lunastettava neito | 242 |
| Kalevanpojan kosto | 157 |
| Piu pau papinkello | 154 |
| Myyty neito | 135 |
| Karhua vastaan | 126 |
| Hämeen ihmeet | 118 |
| Taivaassa, tätilässä paimenena | 102 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 213 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 167 |
| Suistamo | 160 |
| Soikkola | 152 |
| Lempaala | 140 |
| Vuole | 128 |
| Sakkola | 128 |
| Metsäpirtti | 113 |
| Rautu | 97 |
| Kivennapa | 95 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1700–1709 | 2 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1760–1769 | 1 |
| 1770–1779 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 7 |
| 1800–1809 | 3 |
| 1810–1819 | 13 |
| 1820–1829 | 39 |
| 1830–1839 | 192 |
| 1840–1849 | 365 |
| 1850–1859 | 346 |
| 1860–1869 | 41 |
| 1870–1879 | 109 |
| 1880–1889 | 621 |
| 1890–1899 | 597 |
| 1900–1909 | 499 |
| 1910–1919 | 914 |
| 1920–1929 | 271 |
| 1930–1939 | 1,579 |
| 1940–1949 | 338 |
| 1950–1959 | 359 |
| 1960–1969 | 278 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 328 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 191 |
| Frans Kärki | 152 |
| Volmari Porkka | 143 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 133 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 6,590)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 54 a)., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 227., SKVR I1 574., SKVR I1 574 a)., SKVR I1 687., SKVR I1 689., SKVR I1 690., SKVR I1 690 a)., SKVR I1 693., SKVR I1 700., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 5., SKVR I2 712., SKVR I2 724., SKVR I2 749., SKVR I2 753., SKVR I2 771., SKVR I2 784., SKVR I2 803., SKVR I2 901., SKVR I2 908., SKVR I2 911., SKVR I2 914., SKVR I2 916., SKVR I2 917., SKVR I2 918., SKVR I2 919., SKVR I2 921., SKVR I2 922., SKVR I2 923., SKVR I2 924., SKVR I2 926., SKVR I2 928., SKVR I2 930., SKVR I2 931., SKVR I2 933., SKVR I2 934., SKVR I2 935., SKVR I2 936., SKVR I2 937., SKVR I2 939., SKVR I2 941., SKVR I2 942., SKVR I2 943., SKVR I2 945., SKVR I2 946., SKVR I2 951., SKVR I2 957., SKVR I2 959., SKVR I2 962., SKVR I2 964.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: lehm
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.