härg
‘ox’ · runosong lemma · Estonian noun
| English gloss | ox |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian |
| Total occurrences | 11,772 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 11,772 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
härjad, härja, ärjad, härg, ärja, härga, ärg, härgi, ärga, härgä, härä, ärgä, härgadelle, härjast, härjal, härgadele, härgadeksi, härjaks, härgasida, härgade, ärjal, ärjast, härge, härgadeks, härjaga, härgadesta, härjas, härgadeksa, ärgade, ärgadele, ärgadeks, härgadega, härjale, härgadesse, härgadella, härjakene, härgisida, härgadel, härgadest, härgil … and 133 more of 173 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
härg · 23
- 1. kastreeritud pull, hrl. nuum- v. (meil varemalt) veoloomana; pull
- 2. liitsõna järelosana mõnes kala-, linnunimetuses; näit
Idamurre
härg
- härg
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| ox (oxen, ox's, oxen's) | 13,585 | 94.0% |
| bull (bulls, bull's) | 522 | 3.6% |
| little | 80 | 0.6% |
| ram (rams) | 30 | 0.2% |
| plow | 21 | 0.1% |
| lord | 18 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 14,457 |
Example verses
- must ärg jõi ära (AES, MT 3, 1 (1)) read in context
The black ox drank it. - ärga orjalta küsima (AES, MT 3, 10 (32)) read in context
- lasin ärjad lõuneelle (AES, MT 3, 14/5) read in context
Let the oxen graze southward. - ärjad aukusid õue peal (AES, MT 3, 15) read in context
Barley dug holes in the yard, - küüdud ärjad kündsid (AES, MT 3, 23) read in context
"Yoked oxen plowed it." - küüdud ärjad kündsid ülesse (AES, MT 3, 24) read in context
Yoked oxen plowed it up. - mustad ärjad ära murdsid (AES, MT 3, 24) read in context
Black oxen trampled it. - must ärg murdis maha (AES, MT 3, 25) read in context
A black ox trampled it down.
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| must | 6,805 | 1,449 |
| tapma | 6,082 | 987 |
| ära | 4,687 | 1,315 |
| kündma | 3,278 | 652 |
| murdma | 2,798 | 470 |
| kirju | 2,577 | 501 |
| küüdud | 2,276 | 224 |
| aruhein | 2,233 | 303 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Liiri-lõõri! | 639 |
| Liiri-lõõri | 282 |
| Ema haual | 274 |
| Kättemaks sakstele | 237 |
| Imed | 197 |
| Liiri, lõõri | 197 |
| Härjad murtud | 170 |
| Suur härg | 155 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Kuusalu | 248 |
| Haljala | 243 |
| Ambla | 205 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 197 |
| Tarvastu | 186 |
| Kadrina | 168 |
| Tõstamaa | 156 |
| Vändra | 155 |
| Vigala | 147 |
| Väike-Maarja | 143 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1640–1649 | 1 |
| 1820–1829 | 6 |
| 1830–1839 | 1 |
| 1840–1849 | 8 |
| 1850–1859 | 3 |
| 1860–1869 | 46 |
| 1870–1879 | 432 |
| 1880–1889 | 1,642 |
| 1890–1899 | 1,995 |
| 1900–1909 | 464 |
| 1910–1919 | 578 |
| 1920–1929 | 661 |
| 1930–1939 | 773 |
| 1940–1949 | 37 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 281 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 199 |
| Karl Viljak | 194 |
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | 123 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 113 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 7,099)
- ERAB: AES, MT 3, 1 (1), AES, MT 3, 10 (32), AES, MT 3, 14/5, AES, MT 3, 15, AES, MT 3, 23, AES, MT 3, 24, AES, MT 3, 24, AES, MT 3, 25, AES, MT 25, 13/6, AES, MT 27, 16/31 (6), AES, MT 31, 6, AES, MT 34, 6/8, AES, MT 36, 2/3, AES, MT 43, 55, AES, MT 45, 5/8, AES, MT 49, 9/10 (1), AES, MT 49, 13/4 (4), AES, MT 60, 35/6 (24), AES, MT 76, 12 (4), AES, MT 76, 19/20 (11), AES, MT 84, 3/7, AES, MT 88, 36, AES, MT 90, 12/3, AES, MT 102, 29 (4), AES, MT 102, 35, 36 (2), AES, MT 117, 57 (10), AES, MT 130, 32/3 (3), AES, MT 154, 5, AES, MT 166, 2/3 (1), AES, MT 174, 44, AES, MT 180, 7 (a), AES, MT 183, 17/8, AES, MT 205, 36, AES MT 208, 24/7, AES, MT 216, 19, AES, MT 219, 39/40, AES, MT 257, 7/8, AES, MT 257, 22/3, AES, MT 262, 23, AES, MT 266, 7/9, ARS 1, 867 (3), ARS 1, 900 (1), ARS 1, 900 (2), ARS 2, 236/8 (10), ARS 2, 242/4 (12), E A 3/4 (2), E A 6/7 (8), E A 7 (9), E A 7/8 (10), E A 11 (17), E A 21 (4), E A 24/5 (6), E A 29 (9), E A 30 (11), E A 36/7 (60), E A 47/8 (88), E A 71/2 (132), E A 95, E A 105 (5), E A 119/20
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: härkä
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.