härkä
‘ox’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | ox |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,123 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,073, JR 2,018, KR 151 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
härkä, härän, härjän, härkää, härät, härk, härällä, härkeä, härjät, härkäni, härillä, härkiä, härkien, härälle, härrän, härään, härjällä, härältä, härka, härissä, härgiä, härkäin, häriän, härjäp, härri, härästä, härille, härke, härkintä, härässä, häräŋ, harkä, härköä, härrissä, häräksi, härgän, härjäh, härkäen, härrin, häräm … and 57 more of 97 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| ox (ox's, oxen, oxen's) | 5,234 | 93.2% |
| bull (bull's, bulls, bulls') | 354 | 6.3% |
| little | 7 | 0.1% |
| calf | 6 | 0.1% |
| hällö (hällö's) | 6 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 5,617 |
Example verses
- satasarv oli hiitten härkä (SKVR I1 26.) read in context
Hiisi's hundred-horned ox - satasarv on hiitten härkä (SKVR I1 26 a).) read in context
The hundred-horned Hiisi-bull - satasarvella härällä (SKVR I1 41.) read in context
On a hundred-horned ox, - satasarvella härällä (SKVR I1 42.) read in context
With a hundred-horned ox, - sarvella härällä (SKVR I1 54.) read in context
With an ox's horn, - lsarvella härällä (SKVR I1 54 a).) read in context
With L-horned ox. - satasarvella härällä (SKVR I1 58.) read in context
- satasarvella härällä (SKVR I1 58 a).) read in context
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| juoda | 3,509 | 529 |
| missä | 3,437 | 583 |
| ryypätä | 2,776 | 262 |
| vesi | 1,828 | 551 |
| tappaa | 1,583 | 271 |
| häme | 1,250 | 139 |
| sarvi | 1,126 | 185 |
| hämeenlinna | 800 | 89 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Vuokkiniemi | 111 |
| Uskela | 48 |
| Narvusi | 47 |
| Kontokki | 46 |
| Lempaala | 32 |
| Suistamo | 32 |
| Tyrvää | 30 |
| Uhtua | 28 |
| Vuole | 27 |
| Ilomantsi | 27 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 2 |
| 1700–1709 | 7 |
| 1730–1739 | 2 |
| 1740–1749 | 1 |
| 1760–1769 | 2 |
| 1770–1779 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 10 |
| 1800–1809 | 2 |
| 1810–1819 | 10 |
| 1820–1829 | 25 |
| 1830–1839 | 135 |
| 1840–1849 | 188 |
| 1850–1859 | 120 |
| 1860–1869 | 9 |
| 1870–1879 | 79 |
| 1880–1889 | 228 |
| 1890–1899 | 193 |
| 1900–1909 | 205 |
| 1910–1919 | 465 |
| 1920–1929 | 143 |
| 1930–1939 | 427 |
| 1940–1949 | 80 |
| 1950–1959 | 76 |
| 1960–1969 | 71 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 233 |
| Eemeli Vihervaara | 77 |
| A. A. Borenius | 61 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 59 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 59 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,492)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 26., SKVR I1 26 a)., SKVR I1 41., SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 54 a)., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 75., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 91., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 96., SKVR I1 99., SKVR I1 113., SKVR I1 132., SKVR I1 156., SKVR I1 156 a)., SKVR I1 439., SKVR I1 449., SKVR I1 449 a)., SKVR I1 463., SKVR I1 481., SKVR I1 514 a)., SKVR I1 597 a)., SKVR I1 647., SKVR I1 649., SKVR I1 657., SKVR I1 664., SKVR I1 670 a)., SKVR I1 682., SKVR I1 687., SKVR I1 689., SKVR I1 690 a)., SKVR I1 693., SKVR I1 700., SKVR I2 701., SKVR I2 704., SKVR I2 706., SKVR I2 707., SKVR I2 711., SKVR I2 712., SKVR I2 716., SKVR I2 718., SKVR I2 722., SKVR I2 728., SKVR I2 728 a)., SKVR I2 729., SKVR I2 731., SKVR I2 742., SKVR I2 743., SKVR I2 744., SKVR I2 746., SKVR I2 749., SKVR I2 750.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: härg
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.