kostma

‘answer’ · runosong lemma · Estonian verb

English gloss	answer
Part of speech	verb
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	7,891
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 7,891

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

kostis, kostsin, kosti, kostab, kostin, kostan, kosta, kostsi, kostemaie, kostsid, kostma, kosteleksi, koste, kostelema, kostema, kostas, kostes, kostse, kostamaie, kostanessa, kostiv, kostkem, kostama, koistis, kostvad, kosteneksi, kostnud, kosteli, kostid, kostad, kostap, kostimahe, kostuneksi, kostai, kostaks, kostanesse, kostile, kostaneksi, kostemata, kostmahe … and 80 more of 120 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

kostma · 47

1. hrl. kellegi küsimuse, pärimise, jutu peale (vastuseks) midagi ütlema, lausuma, sõnama; vastama
2. kellegi heaks, kasuks midagi ütlema v. tema eest välja astuma, kedagi eestkostmisega abistama
3. kuulduma, kuuldav olema; kõlama

EMS

kostma

(küsimuse või jutu peale midagi)
ütlema, lausuma; vastama
(imestust, üllatust vms väljendavates hüüatustes)
kellegi heaks, kasuks midagi ütlema, kellegi eest välja astuma või vastutama

(+3)

kostma

sulatama; sulama
niisutama, märjaks tegema

Idamurre

kostma

kuulduma

Moistatuste

kost’ma

külastama

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Mõistatuste murdesõnad

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
answer (answered, answers, answering)	8,837	78.7%
respond (responded, responds)	818	7.3%
resound (resounded, resounds, resounding)	590	5.3%
sound (sounded, sounds)	445	4.0%
reply (replied, replies)	280	2.5%
echo (echoed, echoes)	136	1.2%
hear (heard)	51	0.5%
speak (spoke)	49	0.4%
voice	29	0.3%
let (let's)	16	0.1%
Uses counted	11,235

Example verses

kelle aga ääl sie ette kostab (AES, MT 3, 4 (11)) read in context
But whose voice here resounds ahead,
kelle ääl sie vasta kostab (AES, MT 3, 9 (29)) read in context
"Under whom you echo back,"
mina kuulen kostan vasta (AES, MT 49, 21/2 (10)) read in context
I hear, I answer in return:
kosta läits (AES, MT 54, 10/1) read in context
From where did (you) go?
mina küll mõistsin kohe kostsin (AES, MT 62, 17/8) read in context
I understood, replied at once:
mina mõestan kohe kostan (AES, MT 76, 12/3 (5)) read in context
I will explain, I’ll answer now:
eit oli tarka mõistis kostis (AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2)) read in context
Mother was wise, she answered:
mina varsi vasta kostin (AES, MT 141, 5) read in context
I answered at once:

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
vastu	34,404	4,346
mõistma	25,475	2,800
kuulma	20,652	2,939
jälle	11,182	1,492
kohe	8,491	1,144
varsti	2,459	366
tark	2,235	414
kuulla	1,957	442

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Ema haual	288
Laulu võim	265
Kust laulud saadud	226
Arg kosilane	202
Kaevul kosija	186
Kust laulud	174
Neiu linn	158
Tule mulle!	140

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Haljala	318
Karksi	303
Kuusalu	295
Kolga-Jaani	235
Setumaa	202
Viljandi	182
Paistu	166
Kadrina	159
Ambla	156
Harju-Jaani	149

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1820–1829	7
1830–1839	1
1840–1849	16
1850–1859	5
1860–1869	51
1870–1879	462
1880–1889	1,652
1890–1899	1,876
1900–1909	370
1910–1919	499
1920–1929	463
1930–1939	371
1940–1949	19

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	245
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	207
Karl Viljak	190
Oskar Philipp Kallas	162
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	134

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 6,167)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 4 (11), AES, MT 3, 9 (29), AES, MT 49, 21/2 (10), AES, MT 54, 10/1, AES, MT 62, 17/8, AES, MT 76, 12/3 (5), AES, MT 76, 28/30 (2), AES, MT 141, 5, AES, MT 141, 12/13, AES, MT 141, 22/23, AES, MT 141, 25/6, AES, MT 141, 27, AES, MT 141, 28/30, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 141, 31/2, AES, MT 141, 26a/26b, AES, MT 200, 59/61, AES, MT 230, 13/4, AES, MT 230, 16/7, ARS 1, 731/3 (1), ARS 1, 733/5 (2), ARS 1, 868 (7), ARS 1, 900 (1), ARS 2, 47/65 (7), ARS 2, 227 (1), E A 7 (9), E A 19/20 (2), E A 26 (1), E A 34/5 (55, 56), E A 47/8 (88), E A 77/8 (143), E A 78/9 (145), E A 117/9 (2), E A 139/40 (10), E A 178/80 (4), E A 202/3 (12), E A 213/4 (10), E A 214/5 (12), E A 216/8 (15), E A 222/1 (16), E A 232/3 (1), E A 236/7 (5), E A 237/8 (6), E A 242/4 (10), E A 262/4 (25), E A 264/7 (26), E A 269/71 (30), E A 274/5 (35), E A 348/50 (9), E A 360 (7), E A 363/4 (10), E A 365/7 (12), E A 372/3 (1), E A 396/7 (2), E A 398 (4), E A 402/3 (9), E A 406 (14), E A 409/13 (1), E A 457/8 (4), E A 477/81 (2)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: kostaa

← koski koti →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.