punane
‘red’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish adjective
| English gloss | red |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,525 |
| By corpus | SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 140 poems, ERAB 5,385 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
punane, punased, punase, punast, punna, punne, ruugeed, punasema, punaseks, punasi, punasem, punasida, punasemast, punaselle, punik, punasekene, ruugejada, punale, punasest, punasse, punela, ruugejad, punasemad, pune, ruugeeda, punad, punadse, punasista, puneje, ruugeemba, punasike, rude, punas, punasa, punatsid, puniku, punaja, punasemb, punesida, punsukene … and 192 more of 232 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
punane · -se 4
- 1. maasikate, pohlade, vere vms. värvi
- 2. pahempoolne, revolutsiooniline, sotsialistlik, kommunistlik
- 3. see, mis v. kes on punast värvi
- 4. pahempoolne, bolševik, kommunist; nende poolehoidja
EMS
punane
- maasika, vere vms värvi, verev
- (karvastiku kohta hrl:) punakaspruun
- (taime- ja loomanimetustes)
- (muudes ühendites)
Idamurre
punane
- punane
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English senses in context
How the AI analysis rendered this lemma in English, as a share of the entry’s analyzed uses. The analysis groups a lemma with its variant and cognate spellings, so close cognates can share one profile.
| Sense | Share |
|---|---|
| red | 92.7% |
| red's | 2.6% |
| redder | 1.9% |
| ones | 1.7% |
| reddish | 1.4% |
| one | 0.9% |
| reds | 0.3% |
| reddened | 0.2% |
| reddens | 0.2% |
| little | 0.2% |
Example verses
- ilusad punased paelad (AES, MT 3, 5 (12)) read in context
Beautiful red ribbons, - nüüd laulan mina punane (AES, MT 3, 11 (37)) read in context
Now I sing, red one. - sest punasemast pudelist mua emakene (AES, MT 3, 12) read in context
From the reddest bottle, my dear mother. - puodi jäid paelad punased (AES, MT 3, 14) read in context
In the shop stayed the red ribbons. - keskel on õlut punane (Kalevipoeg 1) read in context
At center, crimson ale. - päeva poolt punasekene (Kalevipoeg 5) read in context
Ruddy from day's light.” - pohlakalehed punaseks (Kalevipoeg 9) read in context
Sorrel leaves crimsoned. - löömata palged punased (Kalevipoeg 12) read in context
Unbeaten cheeks red!
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| pale | 3,322 | 437 |
| pael | 2,572 | 359 |
| priske | 1,440 | 169 |
| pärg | 1,384 | 209 |
| pisike | 1,265 | 191 |
| õlu | 1,216 | 247 |
| pea | 940 | 339 |
| sininen | 891 | 207 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Venna sõjalugu | 128 |
| Lauliku sõim | 110 |
| Pisike punane põrsas | 104 |
| Põlvist põdema | 98 |
| Tõbine naine | 92 |
| Halb laulik | 85 |
| Sõjalaul | 85 |
| Tunnen tuima neiu | 73 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Kuusalu | 255 |
| Haljala | 192 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 127 |
| Jõhvi | 117 |
| Ambla | 117 |
| Kadrina | 111 |
| Karksi | 111 |
| Paistu | 108 |
| Viljandi | 98 |
| Halliste | 92 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1820–1829 | 1 |
| 1830–1839 | 3 |
| 1840–1849 | 6 |
| 1850–1859 | 2 |
| 1860–1869 | 32 |
| 1870–1879 | 201 |
| 1880–1889 | 942 |
| 1890–1899 | 1,193 |
| 1900–1909 | 207 |
| 1910–1919 | 407 |
| 1920–1929 | 351 |
| 1930–1939 | 485 |
| 1940–1949 | 37 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karl Viljak | 168 |
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 153 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 142 |
| Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste) | 118 |
| Oskar Philipp Kallas | 111 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,112)
- KR: Kalevipoeg 1, Kalevipoeg 5, Kalevipoeg 9, Kalevipoeg 12, Kalevipoeg 13, Kalevipoeg 16, KR 44:8, KR 49:695, KR 50:23
- ERAB: AES, MT 3, 5 (12), AES, MT 3, 11 (37), AES, MT 3, 12, AES, MT 3, 14, AES, MT 3, 14, AES, MT 5, 4, AES, MT 40, 32 (43), AES, MT 49, 21/2 (10), AES, MT 59,17/8, AES, MT 60, 31/2 (17), AES, MT 60, 35/6 (24), AES, MT 66, 1/2, AES, MT 66, 3/4, AES, MT 70, 34, AES, MT 75, 4, AES, MT 88, 33/5, AES, MT 88, 43, AES, MT 90, 7, AES, MT 102, 24, (3), AES, MT 104, Part 12 (2), AES, MT 141, 8/9, AES, MT 141, 15, AES, MT 141, 24/5, AES, MT 141, 25/6, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 141, 34/5, AES, MT 173, 6, AES, MT 197, 28, AES, MT 200, 62, AES, MT 200, 69/71, AES, MT 268, 2, ARS 1, 868 (5), ARS 2, 7/11 (2), E A 20/1 (3), E A 29 (9), E A 41 (69), E A 53 (90, 91), E A 54/5 (94, 95), E A 54/5 (94, 95), E A 57 (101), E A 142/3 (12), E A 145/6 (15), E A 171/2 (1), E A 180/2 (5), E A 189/91 (1), E A 203/4 (14), E A 207/8 (2), E A 210/1 (8), E A 212/9 (4), E A 214/5 (11), E A 216/8 (15)
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: punainen
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. English senses come from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.