punainen
‘red’ · runosong lemma · Finnish adjective
| English gloss | red |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 4,963 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,106, JR 1,857, KR 220 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
punanen, punasen, punainen, punaista, punaisen, punasessa, punaiset, punaisella, punaisessa, punaine, punaseen, punaist, punaisille, punnaist, punnaisen, punaisia, punaiseksi, punaisilla, punaasella, punaisten, punaiseen, punasel, punaiselle, punnaiset, punaisissa, punnainen, punaisesa, punaisin, punaisempi, punaisilta, punazen, punaaset, punaise, punaiselta, punaseh, punasess, punaisehen, punaisellen, punazet, punaisena … and 83 more of 123 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| red (red's, redder, reds) | 9,848 | 98.6% |
| reddish | 64 | 0.6% |
| scale (scales) | 30 | 0.3% |
| weight (weights) | 29 | 0.3% |
| even | 20 | 0.2% |
| reddened | 16 | 0.2% |
| too | 11 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 9,987 |
Example verses
- juoskoho veno punaine (SKVR I1 5.) read in context
- suitsetat punasen ruunan (SKVR I1 30.) read in context
Bridle the red stallion." - äkähistä puun punaisen (SKVR I1 47.) read in context
From the wrathful red tree. - siitä sai punaisen purren (SKVR I1 79 a).) read in context
- purjehti punaista mertä (SKVR I1 84.) read in context
Sailed the red sea, - äkähillä puum punasen (SKVR I1 92.) read in context
- veikollas oro punasen (SKVR I1 227.) read in context
- vierehe lohen punasen (SKVR I1 253 a).) read in context
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| pussi | 8,517 | 906 |
| sininen | 3,323 | 550 |
| lohi | 3,200 | 428 |
| poski | 2,207 | 267 |
| pose | 1,458 | 146 |
| pursto | 1,425 | 153 |
| pussinen | 1,294 | 104 |
| puu | 1,198 | 421 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Huis sika metsään | 255 |
| Verensulku | 244 |
| Tulen sanat | 151 |
| Tulen synty | 144 |
| Raudan sanat | 134 |
| Raudan synty | 125 |
| Ihmemaa | 68 |
| Niukahdus | 58 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 176 |
| Soikkola | 147 |
| Lempaala | 119 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 88 |
| Vuole | 82 |
| Saarijärvi | 79 |
| Sakkola | 78 |
| Ilomantsi | 69 |
| Suistamo | 67 |
| Kaprio | 62 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 3 |
| 1660–1669 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 7 |
| 1700–1709 | 14 |
| 1720–1729 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 2 |
| 1760–1769 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 24 |
| 1800–1809 | 7 |
| 1810–1819 | 85 |
| 1820–1829 | 99 |
| 1830–1839 | 220 |
| 1840–1849 | 304 |
| 1850–1859 | 392 |
| 1860–1869 | 42 |
| 1870–1879 | 123 |
| 1880–1889 | 617 |
| 1890–1899 | 451 |
| 1900–1909 | 304 |
| 1910–1919 | 354 |
| 1920–1929 | 161 |
| 1930–1939 | 613 |
| 1940–1949 | 106 |
| 1950–1959 | 182 |
| 1960–1969 | 180 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 357 |
| Volmari Porkka | 157 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 128 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 128 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 122 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,303)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 5., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 47., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 227., SKVR I1 253 a)., SKVR I1 261., SKVR I1 261 a)., SKVR I1 272., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 287., SKVR I1 293., SKVR I1 339., SKVR I1 339 a)., SKVR I1 343., SKVR I1 347., SKVR I1 362., SKVR I1 422., SKVR I1 434., SKVR I1 450., SKVR I1 454., SKVR I1 479., SKVR I1 480., SKVR I1 487., SKVR I1 491., SKVR I1 491 a)., SKVR I1 492., SKVR I1 506., SKVR I1 507., SKVR I1 533., SKVR I1 613., SKVR I1 640., SKVR I1 647., SKVR I1 650., SKVR I1 658., SKVR I1 692., SKVR I2 729., SKVR I2 744., SKVR I2 744 b)., SKVR I2 758., SKVR I2 759 b)., SKVR I2 760., SKVR I2 774., SKVR I2 806., SKVR I2 815., SKVR I2 816., SKVR I2 833., SKVR I2 834., SKVR I2 845., SKVR I2 850., SKVR I2 1013., SKVR I2 1018., SKVR I2 1023., SKVR I2 1085., SKVR I2 1144., SKVR I2 1148., SKVR I2 1148 a)., SKVR I2 1149.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: punane
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.