taevas

‘sky’ · runosong lemma · Estonian noun

English gloss	sky
Part of speech	noun
Language	Estonian
Total occurrences	5,131
By corpus	SKVR 0, JR 0, KR 0, ERAB 5,130

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

taeva, taevas, taevast, taiva, taevaasse, taivahe, taevasta, taevaassa, taevaessa, taevaesse, taevaaie, taevasse, taivan, taevassa, taivah, taivade, taeveesse, taevaesta, taevaje, taevudesta, taevase, taivaste, taivastõ, taevan, taevani, taivalõ, taivaaie, taevad, taevadesta, taeval, taivaen, taevaalle, taevaas, taival, taevaaksi, taevadesse, taivassa, taavas, taevaalta, taevaste … and 103 more of 143 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

taevas · s luulek

1. nähtav maailmaruumi osa, kus asuvad pilved, Päike, Kuu ja tähed, taevalaotus, taevavõlv
2. uskumustes (ainu- v. üli)jumala asupaik; paradiis, taevariik

EMS

taevas

taevalaotus
taevariik

Idamurre

taevas

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
sky (sky's, skies)	5,906	71.8%
heaven (heaven's, heavens, heavens')	2,311	28.1%
edge	13	0.2%
heavenly	13	0.2%
under	13	0.2%
Uses counted	8,230

Example verses

seitse tähte taevaassa (AES, MT 3, 11 (38)) read in context
Seven stars in the sky's domain,
ma tiis tare taivaade (AES, MT 34, 4) read in context
I built a house to the heavens,
kiä oll no iks taivaste takah (AES, MT 40, 18 (20)) read in context
Who is there behind the skies,
tuli taevast lõi triudi (AES, MT 57, 34) read in context
[He] came from the sky, struck the triudi,
tekiväd tallid taiva alle (AES, MT 58, 6) read in context
They built stables under the sky,
taevas tuiskas maa maratses (AES, MT 66, 8/10) read in context
sky blizzarded, earth quaked,
taevas tantsis maa mürises (AES, MT 70, 24) read in context
the sky danced, the earth rumbled,
mardid on keik taevast tulnud (AES, MT 84, 3/7) read in context
The spirits all come from heaven,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
tamm	2,736	424
täht	2,337	344
tasuma	1,629	193
tahtma	1,390	317
tall	1,015	186
kasvama	981	262
tark	809	170
lai	685	192

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Liiri-lõõri!	214
Suur tamm	184
Orja palk	156
Tall taeva all	115
Kaasa kaugel	105
Liiri-lõõri	85
Tamm	81
Mardilaul	73

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	197
Kuusalu	131
Paistu	115
Tarvastu	111
Haljala	106
Kolga-Jaani	105
Viljandi	102
Halliste	90
Karksi	89
Vigala	77

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1800–1809	1
1820–1829	13
1840–1849	5
1850–1859	3
1860–1869	30
1870–1879	260
1880–1889	770
1890–1899	959
1900–1909	208
1910–1919	219
1920–1929	328
1930–1939	476
1940–1949	41

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov	95
Karl Viljak	67
Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch	65
Oskar Philipp Kallas	60
Gustav Vilberg (Vilbaste)	49

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,579)

ERAB: AES, MT 3, 11 (38), AES, MT 34, 4, AES, MT 40, 18 (20), AES, MT 57, 34, AES, MT 58, 6, AES, MT 66, 8/10, AES, MT 70, 24, AES, MT 84, 3/7, AES, MT 130, 32/3 (3), AES, MT 141, 27, AES, MT 141, 30/1, AES, MT 145, 1/12, AES, MT 174, 34/5, AES, MT 186, 113/5, AES MT 208, 16, AES, MT 219, 3, AES, MT 230, 6/7, AES, MT 238, 24/5, AES, MT 244, 14, AES, MT 262, 15, ARS 1, 512/6 (3), ARS 1, 660 (1), ARS 1, 859/60 (4), ARS 2, 39/46 (6), ARS 2, 47/65 (7), ARS 2, 236/8 (10), ARS 2, 239/41 (11), ARS 2, 242/4 (12), ARS 2, 606 (14), E A 10 (14), E A 65/6 (120), E A 115 (185), E A 119/20, E A 147 (1), E A 148 (2), E A 189/91 (1), E A 191/3 (2), E A 222/1 (16), E A 248/9 (12), E A 279 (39), E A 293/5 (5), E A 320/2 (8), E A 334 (19), E A 342/3 (4), E A 354 (11), E A 355 (1), E A 395/6 (1), E A 461/2 (7), E A 522 (11), E A 623 (5), E A 629/30 (1), E A 630/1 (2), E A 637/9 (8), E A 639 (9), E A 650/2 (21), E A 678 (12), E A 734/5 (2), E A 893 (16), E A 905 (2), E A 906 (5)

Related lemmas

Finnish cognate: taivas

← taat tahtma →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.