taivas
‘sky’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | sky |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,618 |
| By corpus | SKVR 2,829, JR 2,788, KR 350 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
taivaan, taivas, taivahan, taivahasta, taivasta, taivosen, taivahassa, taivon, taivosesta, taivahalla, taivahalle, taivosehen, taivaaseen, taivaassa, taivaasta, taivosessa, taivosella, taivaalla, taivahasen, taivahalta, taivonen, taivahah, taivoseen, taivoseh, taivoselle, taivasten, taivoin, taiwahan, taivoselta, taivaas, taivahallini, taivahast, taivoista, taivosehe, taivaalle, taivahas, taivoseksi, taivoset, taivosta, taivahasse … and 339 more of 379 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| sky (sky's, skies, skies') | 5,993 | 68.6% |
| heaven (heaven's, heavens, heavens') | 2,741 | 31.4% |
| Uses counted | 8,734 |
Example verses
- yliseksi taivoseks (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
"to become the high heavens," - ulizeksi taivoizeksi (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
- moasta soate taivahah (SKVR I1 5.) read in context
Rising from earth to sky, - ruskieset päivöseksi taivahalla (SKVR I1 7.) read in context
"Russet as sun in sky, - uliseksi taivoseksi (SKVR I1 9 a).) read in context
- ne täheksi taivahalla (SKVR I1 11.) read in context
Those stars in the sky. - ulizeks on taivozeksi (SKVR I1 13.) read in context
- yliseksi taivoseksi (SKVR I1 14.) read in context
Became upper heavens;
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| tähti | 4,362 | 491 |
| napa | 1,312 | 184 |
| maa | 1,066 | 625 |
| yhdeksän | 1,011 | 234 |
| tavata | 869 | 143 |
| kerta | 790 | 221 |
| haluta | 738 | 102 |
| saate | 731 | 68 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Tulen sanat | 261 |
| Tulen synty | 250 |
| Maailmansyntyruno | 137 |
| Pistos | 137 |
| Pistoksen synty | 131 |
| Väinämöisen ammunta | 99 |
| Viron orja ja isäntä | 87 |
| Lemminkäisen virsi | 85 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Vuokkiniemi | 321 |
| Suistamo | 194 |
| Narvusi | 183 |
| Uhtua | 129 |
| Kontokki | 127 |
| Ilomantsi | 124 |
| Soikkola | 103 |
| Suojärvi | 102 |
| Kiimaisjärvi | 70 |
| Repola | 67 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 6 |
| 1670–1679 | 2 |
| 1680–1689 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 10 |
| 1700–1709 | 17 |
| 1710–1719 | 1 |
| 1720–1729 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 8 |
| 1760–1769 | 7 |
| 1770–1779 | 5 |
| 1780–1789 | 38 |
| 1800–1809 | 12 |
| 1810–1819 | 62 |
| 1820–1829 | 141 |
| 1830–1839 | 389 |
| 1840–1849 | 459 |
| 1850–1859 | 270 |
| 1860–1869 | 54 |
| 1870–1879 | 291 |
| 1880–1889 | 889 |
| 1890–1899 | 503 |
| 1900–1909 | 320 |
| 1910–1919 | 387 |
| 1920–1929 | 164 |
| 1930–1939 | 823 |
| 1940–1949 | 162 |
| 1950–1959 | 166 |
| 1960–1969 | 191 |
| 1970–1979 | 2 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 598 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 311 |
| A. A. Borenius | 204 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 162 |
| Hämeenlinnan alakansakouluseminaari | 156 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 5,393)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 5., SKVR I1 7., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 11., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 16., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 30 b)., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 37., SKVR I1 38., SKVR I1 38 a)., SKVR I1 40., SKVR I1 43., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63., SKVR I1 63 c)., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 71., SKVR I1 74., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 83., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 83 c)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 85., SKVR I1 87., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 91., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 94., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 97., SKVR I1 100., SKVR I1 102., SKVR I1 103., SKVR I1 105., SKVR I1 106., SKVR I1 107., SKVR I1 111., SKVR I1 119., SKVR I1 120., SKVR I1 121., SKVR I1 122., SKVR I1 123.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: taevas
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.