sota
‘war’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | war |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,099 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,186, JR 1,913, KR 190 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
sota, sotahan, sotaan, soti, sotia, sodan, sodassa, sotaa, sotoa, soass, sotaha, sotan, sotahe, sodasta, sovass, sotihin, sottiia, söas, sodah, sodat, soast, sotien, sovast, sotae, sodie, sodissa, sovas, sothan, sotiin, sodasa, sodas, sotaah, sotaani, sotahah, sotani, sottahen, sodalla, sodigi, sotaae, sotaane … and 54 more of 94 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| war (wars, war's, warred, wars') | 2,660 | 94.5% |
| fight (fought) | 48 | 1.7% |
| wage (waged) | 37 | 1.3% |
| harmony | 13 | 0.5% |
| swamp | 11 | 0.4% |
| peace | 10 | 0.4% |
| gear | 8 | 0.3% |
| battle | 6 | 0.2% |
| quarrel | 5 | 0.2% |
| Uses counted | 2,815 |
Example verses
- muut purret sotia käyvät (SKVR I1 42.) read in context
Other ships go to battle, - sota hanka hailattaapi (SKVR I1 63 a).) read in context
The war-skirmish clatters. - sota hanka hailattaapi (SKVR I1 63 b).) read in context
The war-ice crushes hail-like." - taitau nyt sotaki tulla (SKVR I1 83 b).) read in context
Perhaps war will come too. - laitto rautaista sotaa (SKVR I1 96.) read in context
- miehittä sotia käyvät (SKVR I1 155.) read in context
With men they go to war, - itsekseen sotia käypi (SKVR I1 159.) read in context
It goes to war alone, - käypi miehittä sotoa (SKVR I1 167.) read in context
"It carries men to battle,"
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| mennä | 1,549 | 550 |
| sortua | 1,294 | 162 |
| lähteä | 1,227 | 319 |
| suuri | 1,212 | 356 |
| viedä | 1,040 | 320 |
| soitella | 983 | 122 |
| sormi | 769 | 171 |
| sortaa | 745 | 101 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Kalervo ja Untamo | 136 |
| Lunastettava neito | 81 |
| Sotasanomat | 73 |
| Kalevanpojan kosto | 71 |
| Kuolon sanomat | 55 |
| Purren itku | 55 |
| Laivaretki | 54 |
| Sotamiehenotto | 54 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 118 |
| Soikkola | 115 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 55 |
| Lempaala | 46 |
| Suistamo | 46 |
| Vuole | 44 |
| Ilomantsi | 38 |
| Sakkola | 34 |
| Kaprio | 33 |
| Uhtua | 31 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 7 |
| 1700–1709 | 8 |
| 1710–1719 | 1 |
| 1720–1729 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 2 |
| 1760–1769 | 6 |
| 1770–1779 | 3 |
| 1780–1789 | 11 |
| 1800–1809 | 3 |
| 1810–1819 | 17 |
| 1820–1829 | 48 |
| 1830–1839 | 131 |
| 1840–1849 | 207 |
| 1850–1859 | 229 |
| 1860–1869 | 36 |
| 1870–1879 | 50 |
| 1880–1889 | 271 |
| 1890–1899 | 160 |
| 1900–1909 | 145 |
| 1910–1919 | 123 |
| 1920–1929 | 58 |
| 1930–1939 | 186 |
| 1940–1949 | 60 |
| 1950–1959 | 27 |
| 1960–1969 | 38 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 220 |
| Volmari Porkka | 112 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 81 |
| Jaako Länkelä | 59 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 52 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 1,836)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 63 a)., SKVR I1 63 b)., SKVR I1 83 b)., SKVR I1 96., SKVR I1 155., SKVR I1 159., SKVR I1 167., SKVR I1 345., SKVR I1 359., SKVR I1 369., SKVR I1 389., SKVR I1 429., SKVR I1 443., SKVR I1 450 a)., SKVR I1 520., SKVR I1 573., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 597., SKVR I1 597 a)., SKVR I1 600., SKVR I1 606., SKVR I1 614., SKVR I1 615., SKVR I1 634., SKVR I1 638., SKVR I1 641., SKVR I1 641 a)., SKVR I1 646., SKVR I1 647., SKVR I1 659., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 11., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpakosinta] 3., SKVR I1 erill. [Laivaretki ja kantele] 9., SKVR I2 704., SKVR I2 710., SKVR I2 718., SKVR I2 725., SKVR I2 728., SKVR I2 729., SKVR I2 743., SKVR I2 744., SKVR I2 744 b)., SKVR I2 750., SKVR I2 752., SKVR I2 759., SKVR I2 784., SKVR I2 786., SKVR I2 808., SKVR I2 815., SKVR I2 816., SKVR I2 826., SKVR I2 828., SKVR I2 830., SKVR I2 831., SKVR I2 834., SKVR I2 840., SKVR I2 850., SKVR I2 856., SKVR I2 906.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: sõda
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.
Forms of other words are left out of the verses and counts.
In Finnish: soa
The total and per-corpus counts at the top of the page are the lexicon’s: the uses the lemmatizer gave to this word. The uses below are counted by spelling in the same corpora, so a spelling this page shares with another word’s page is counted on both pages, and the two figures can differ either way.
In Estonian:
Uses shown on this page: 17
Uses left out as another word: 0
Uses left out because the AI reading could not be matched to the verse: 0
In Finnish:
Uses shown on this page: 2,669
Uses left out as another word: 275
Uses left out because the AI reading could not be matched to the verse: 0