nainen
‘woman’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | woman |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 7,140 |
| By corpus | SKVR 4,782, JR 2,358, KR 274 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
naiset, naisen, nainen, naisten, naiseta, naisille, naisii, naisiin, naisetta, naisia, naisien, naisellensa, naisueni, naisista, naisuet, naisellee, naiseltaa, naizen, naiselleen, naiselta, naizet, naiselle, naisesta, naized, naiseksi, naiselleese, naiseen, naiselleesen, naineheks, naisella, naiselliese, naisellese, naiseltaan, naisesi, naisetkin, naisee, naiselleni, naisill, naistani, naizie … and 134 more of 174 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| woman (women, woman's, women's) | 5,316 | 95.4% |
| wife (wives, wife's, wives') | 196 | 3.5% |
| among | 9 | 0.2% |
| married | 9 | 0.2% |
| too | 8 | 0.1% |
| marry | 6 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 5,572 |
Example verses
- ei se itku naisen itku (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
That's no woman's weeping, - ei ole itku naizen itku (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
Not a woman's weeping, - eig ole itku naizen itku (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
Nor women's weeping - kälykset kalevan naiset (SKVR I1 9.) read in context
Sisters-in-law of heroes - eig ole itku naizen itku (SKVR I1 13.) read in context
Nor a woman’s weeping, - eikä itku naisen itku (SKVR I1 14.) read in context
Nor a woman's cry, - ei se ole itku naisen itku (SKVR I1 15.) read in context
"It's not a woman's weep, - eikä itku naizen itku (SKVR I1 17.) read in context
Nor a woman's weeping,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| naapuri | 2,896 | 365 |
| naida | 2,185 | 351 |
| kylläinen | 1,998 | 208 |
| nauraa | 1,936 | 248 |
| nauru | 1,924 | 194 |
| sanoa | 1,257 | 381 |
| kylä | 1,057 | 290 |
| elellä | 1,033 | 123 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Oljamissa käynti | 80 |
| Ennen naidun naisen tappo | 70 |
| Kultaneito | 66 |
| En ole opissa ollut | 56 |
| Iivana Kojosenpoika | 56 |
| Kanteleen soitto | 53 |
| Lemminkäisen virsi | 50 |
| Tuonelta kosinta | 48 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 627 |
| Soikkola | 305 |
| Lempaala | 172 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 148 |
| Vuole | 117 |
| Suistamo | 105 |
| Sakkola | 95 |
| Ilomantsi | 93 |
| Moloskovitsa | 70 |
| Uhtua | 66 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1700–1709 | 4 |
| 1750–1759 | 2 |
| 1760–1769 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 11 |
| 1800–1809 | 2 |
| 1810–1819 | 20 |
| 1820–1829 | 64 |
| 1830–1839 | 234 |
| 1840–1849 | 421 |
| 1850–1859 | 469 |
| 1860–1869 | 57 |
| 1870–1879 | 124 |
| 1880–1889 | 553 |
| 1890–1899 | 459 |
| 1900–1909 | 334 |
| 1910–1919 | 180 |
| 1920–1929 | 45 |
| 1930–1939 | 447 |
| 1940–1949 | 77 |
| 1950–1959 | 70 |
| 1960–1969 | 57 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 414 |
| Volmari Porkka | 319 |
| Jaako Länkelä | 266 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 158 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 143 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,641)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 9., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 26., SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 61., SKVR I1 63 a)., SKVR I1 63 b)., SKVR I1 73., SKVR I1 75., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 124., SKVR I1 149., SKVR I1 156., SKVR I1 156 a)., SKVR I1 165., SKVR I1 175., SKVR I1 181., SKVR I1 200., SKVR I1 340., SKVR I1 363., SKVR I1 375., SKVR I1 384., SKVR I1 387., SKVR I1 387 a)., SKVR I1 392., SKVR I1 393., SKVR I1 395., SKVR I1 397., SKVR I1 399., SKVR I1 401 a)., SKVR I1 403., SKVR I1 404., SKVR I1 408., SKVR I1 409., SKVR I1 410., SKVR I1 410 a)., SKVR I1 416., SKVR I1 418., SKVR I1 419., SKVR I1 420., SKVR I1 422., SKVR I1 442.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: naine
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.