muru
‘grass; crumb’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun
| English gloss | grass; crumb |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,156 |
| By corpus | SKVR 559, JR 342, KR 63 poems, ERAB 4,255 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
muru, murule, moro, muruksi, murul, murulla, murula, muro, murulta, muruja, muruiksi, muruda, murusta, murut, murun, murult, moru, murulõ, muruks, morro, morol, muruista, murole, murust, murune, murua, murussa, murulda, murud, muruna, muruilla, murusse, muressa, murulle, murunsa, murui, muruille, murujen, muruni, murö … and 48 more of 88 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
muru · 11
- maad kattev madal tihe rohi; aiand. heintaimedest koosnev korduva niitmisega madalana hoitav taimkate
muru · 11
- üle (poole) leiva lõigatud (v. murtud) viil
EMS
muru-
- täiesti, väga
muru
- madal rohi; madala rohuga koht, taluõu
Idamurre
muru
- õu
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| grass (grass's) | 3,276 | 59.7% |
| crumb (crumbs, crumb's, crumbs') | 1,107 | 20.2% |
| lawn | 490 | 8.9% |
| meadow | 232 | 4.2% |
| break | 69 | 1.3% |
| sorrow | 53 | 1.0% |
| morning | 46 | 0.8% |
| sea | 42 | 0.8% |
| hill | 38 | 0.7% |
| berry | 33 | 0.6% |
| Uses counted | 5,491 |
Example verses
- jo munat muruiksi vieri (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
Eggs rolled to pieces - jo munat muruiksi mändih (SKVR I1 7.) read in context
Eggs turned to crumbs. - kai munat murulla mäni (SKVR I1 9 a).) read in context
All eggs rolled into fragments. - jo munat muruiksi vieri (SKVR I1 13.) read in context
The eggs rolled to crumbs. - jäin kui jänes murule (AES, MT 3, 9 (30)) read in context
I’d stay like a hare on the meadow, - mokad saaks muru närima (AES, MT 3, 10 (32)) read in context
- muru kasvand mulla peale (AES, MT 3, 13) read in context
Grass has grown upon the earth, - ja murul munnid lõigati (AES, MT 7, 76) read in context
And on the grass, testicles were cut.
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| muld | 6,687 | 819 |
| mullikas | 6,541 | 582 |
| kasvama | 3,388 | 631 |
| muna | 3,105 | 531 |
| peale | 2,891 | 869 |
| söötma | 1,426 | 230 |
| must | 1,118 | 329 |
| muu | 989 | 310 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Ema haual | 618 |
| Isa- ja mehekodus | 110 |
| Laulu võim | 96 |
| Pakeneva | 71 |
| Maailmansyntyruno | 63 |
| Vara vaeslapseks | 54 |
| Isa ja mehe kodus | 51 |
| Tule mulle! | 51 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Setumaa | 261 |
| Kuusalu | 110 |
| Sangaste | 97 |
| Karksi | 90 |
| Haljala | 88 |
| Narvusi | 83 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 74 |
| Tarvastu | 68 |
| Räpina | 64 |
| Rõuge | 60 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1770–1779 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 3 |
| 1800–1809 | 2 |
| 1810–1819 | 8 |
| 1820–1829 | 17 |
| 1830–1839 | 78 |
| 1840–1849 | 82 |
| 1850–1859 | 45 |
| 1860–1869 | 55 |
| 1870–1879 | 247 |
| 1880–1889 | 730 |
| 1890–1899 | 868 |
| 1900–1909 | 236 |
| 1910–1919 | 276 |
| 1920–1929 | 278 |
| 1930–1939 | 383 |
| 1940–1949 | 40 |
| 1950–1959 | 18 |
| 1960–1969 | 12 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 96 |
| Karl Voldemar Rosenstrauch | 92 |
| Karl Viljak | 88 |
| Volmari Porkka | 71 |
| Mihkel (Tori) Ostrov | 62 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,509)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 7., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 30 b)., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 38., SKVR I1 38 a)., SKVR I1 43., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 75., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 99., SKVR I1 145., SKVR I1 243., SKVR I1 243 a)., SKVR I1 251., SKVR I1 257., SKVR I1 259., SKVR I1 262., SKVR I1 265., SKVR I1 271., SKVR I1 275., SKVR I1 278., SKVR I1 279., SKVR I1 280., SKVR I1 292., SKVR I1 304., SKVR I1 420., SKVR I1 454., SKVR I1 564., SKVR I1 584., SKVR I1 585., SKVR I1 587., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 591., SKVR I1 607., SKVR I1 609., SKVR I1 610., SKVR I1 622 a)., SKVR I1 624., SKVR I1 630., SKVR I1 634., SKVR I1 635., SKVR I1 646., SKVR I1 647., SKVR I1 649., SKVR I1 670., SKVR I2 766 a).
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.