raukka

‘wretch’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun

English gloss	wretch
Part of speech	noun
Language	Finnish
Total occurrences	5,432
By corpus	SKVR 3,628, JR 1,804, KR 251 poems, ERAB 0

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

raukka, raukan, raukat, rauka, raukkaa, raukoilla, raukalla, raucka, raukku, raukaltani, raukkoi, raukalta, raukaltain, raukoille, raukalle, raukastain, raukkain, raukkoa, raukoilta, raukia, raukkoja, raukko, raukkanen, raokka, raukiaa, roavasraukar, raukall, raukastani, raukkani, raukoin, raukaltai, raukk, raucan, raukaltaini, raukiais, raukkaan, raukkajaine, raukkan, raukkoen, raukkoo … and 53 more of 93 attested forms

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
wretch (wretch's, wretches, wretches')	3,252	75.7%
poor (poor's)	974	22.7%
thing (thing's)	516	12.0%
wretched	30	0.7%
creature (creature's, creatures)	22	0.5%
fellow	15	0.3%
old	8	0.2%
dear (dears)	7	0.2%
poor_thing	7	0.2%
raw	7	0.2%
Uses counted	4,298

Example verses

hoi oled raukka muurahaini (SKVR I1 23.) read in context
ihosta imehno raukan (SKVR I1 47.) read in context
From the wretch's skin,
sitä iten veikko raukka (SKVR I1 216.) read in context
"I weep, poor brother:
sitä iten veikko raukko (SKVR I1 231.) read in context
"I weep, brother mine,
sitä iten veikko raukka (SKVR I1 231 a).) read in context
"I weep, poor brother:
sitä iten sikko raukka (SKVR I1 234.) read in context
Therefore I weep, wretched fool,
rauta raukka koito kuona (SKVR I1 283.) read in context
"Wretched iron, spark of slag,
rauta raukka koite kuona (SKVR I1 287.) read in context
Iron wretch, slag and dross,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
rauta	7,999	1,017
iho	3,045	377
koitto	3,016	274
kuona	2,637	245
imeä	2,007	210
kuono	1,415	142
voi	1,158	272
ori	900	233

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Raudan sanat	496
Raudan synty	464
Verensulku	215
Viron orja ja isäntä	82
Pistos	51
Käärmeen sanat	49
Pistoksen synty	49
Iivana Kojosenpoika	46

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Suistamo	128
Narvusi	115
Vuokkiniemi	114
Ilomantsi	97
Soikkola	83
Lempaala	62
Kontokki	58
Vuole	58
Suojärvi	56
Sakkola	50

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1650–1659	3
1670–1679	2
1690–1699	4
1700–1709	7
1750–1759	1
1760–1769	2
1770–1779	3
1780–1789	22
1800–1809	5
1810–1819	43
1820–1829	82
1830–1839	171
1840–1849	346
1850–1859	210
1860–1869	32
1870–1879	88
1880–1889	489
1890–1899	286
1900–1909	202
1910–1919	180
1920–1929	52
1930–1939	312
1940–1949	89
1950–1959	60
1960–1969	54

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	321
Kaarle Krohn	141
D. E. D. Europaeus	125
Volmari Porkka	100
A. A. Borenius	72

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,754)

SKVR: SKVR I1 23., SKVR I1 47., SKVR I1 216., SKVR I1 231., SKVR I1 231 a)., SKVR I1 234., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 287., SKVR I1 291., SKVR I1 299., SKVR I1 309., SKVR I1 317., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 334., SKVR I1 443., SKVR I1 479., SKVR I1 509., SKVR I1 567., SKVR I1 699., SKVR I1 erill. [Aino] 1., SKVR I2 704., SKVR I2 1021., SKVR I2 1023., SKVR I2 1040., SKVR I2 1056., SKVR I2 1057., SKVR I2 1085., SKVR I2 1086., SKVR I2 1090., SKVR I2 1132., SKVR I2 1139., SKVR I2 1141., SKVR I2 1144., SKVR I2 1176., SKVR I2 1203., SKVR I2 1210., SKVR I2 1211., SKVR I2 1212., SKVR I2 1213., SKVR I3 1307., SKVR I3 1396., SKVR I3 1414., SKVR I3 1424., SKVR I3 1813., SKVR I3 1894., SKVR I3 1898., SKVR I4 77., SKVR I4 129., SKVR I4 130., SKVR I4 131., SKVR I4 132., SKVR I4 133., SKVR I4 136., SKVR I4 139., SKVR I4 143., SKVR I4 144., SKVR I4 144 a)., SKVR I4 150., SKVR I4 151., SKVR I4 151 a).

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.