rauta
‘iron’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | iron |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 8,115 |
| By corpus | SKVR 5,673, JR 2,442, KR 192 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
rauta, rauvan, rautaa, raudan, rauat, rautta, ravvan, rautoja, rauvasta, rautani, rauvvan, prauta, raudasta, rautojen, raudat, raut, rautain, rautoin, rautoa, rautoi, rautasta, rautasih, rautahan, rautoo, rautan, rautoihin, rautiot, rautohin, ravvoin, rautasee, rautojasi, raura, ravasta, raudazed, rautaan, rautah, rausta, rautasin, rauvvat, rauvoin … and 171 more of 211 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| iron (iron's, irons, irons') | 9,029 | 98.8% |
| staff (staff's) | 21 | 0.2% |
| rauta | 13 | 0.1% |
| rod (rod's) | 11 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 9,142 |
Example verses
- löysi rautoa murusen (SKVR I1 14.) read in context
Found an iron fragment, - tavo rautaini harava (SKVR I1 36.) read in context
Forge my iron rake, - tavos rautani harava (SKVR I1 38 a).) read in context
Forge me an iron rake, - rauta paitoin paneksi (SKVR I1 63 a).) read in context
Put on iron shirts. - rauta paitoin paneksi (SKVR I1 63 b).) read in context
Donned iron shirts, - rauvan karvasen kapehen (SKVR I1 64.) read in context
The shaggy spear's narrow haft. - tupestah on tuiman rauvan (SKVR I1 78.) read in context
"From the scabbard, hard iron." - n rauta munan (SKVR I1 79.) read in context
The iron egg.
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| raukka | 7,999 | 1,017 |
| rakentaa | 2,786 | 413 |
| koitto | 2,716 | 282 |
| kuona | 2,354 | 251 |
| ruoste | 1,691 | 196 |
| rakki | 1,567 | 198 |
| karvallinen | 1,323 | 206 |
| kuono | 1,211 | 142 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Raudan sanat | 778 |
| Raudan synty | 678 |
| Verensulku | 323 |
| Kukon ja kanan saunamatka | 94 |
| Tulen sanat | 91 |
| Lemminkäisen virsi | 85 |
| Tulen synty | 75 |
| Maailmansyntyruno | 61 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Vuokkiniemi | 242 |
| Narvusi | 170 |
| Suistamo | 137 |
| Soikkola | 111 |
| Uhtua | 92 |
| Kontokki | 89 |
| Kaprio | 75 |
| Lempaala | 75 |
| Suomussalmi | 70 |
| Kitee | 70 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 5 |
| 1660–1669 | 1 |
| 1680–1689 | 2 |
| 1690–1699 | 5 |
| 1700–1709 | 20 |
| 1730–1739 | 2 |
| 1750–1759 | 1 |
| 1760–1769 | 4 |
| 1770–1779 | 4 |
| 1780–1789 | 49 |
| 1800–1809 | 11 |
| 1810–1819 | 99 |
| 1820–1829 | 124 |
| 1830–1839 | 214 |
| 1840–1849 | 279 |
| 1850–1859 | 266 |
| 1860–1869 | 41 |
| 1870–1879 | 217 |
| 1880–1889 | 793 |
| 1890–1899 | 513 |
| 1900–1909 | 286 |
| 1910–1919 | 312 |
| 1920–1929 | 91 |
| 1930–1939 | 502 |
| 1940–1949 | 111 |
| 1950–1959 | 56 |
| 1960–1969 | 44 |
| 1970–1979 | 1 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 296 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 259 |
| Volmari Porkka | 169 |
| A. A. Borenius | 155 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 86 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,067)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 38 a)., SKVR I1 63 a)., SKVR I1 63 b)., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 86., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 102., SKVR I1 115., SKVR I1 120., SKVR I1 122., SKVR I1 131., SKVR I1 147., SKVR I1 153., SKVR I1 250., SKVR I1 250 a)., SKVR I1 251., SKVR I1 269., SKVR I1 281 a)., SKVR I1 282., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 284., SKVR I1 286., SKVR I1 287., SKVR I1 291., SKVR I1 298 b)., SKVR I1 299., SKVR I1 305., SKVR I1 307., SKVR I1 308., SKVR I1 309., SKVR I1 315., SKVR I1 317., SKVR I1 320., SKVR I1 325., SKVR I1 329., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 334., SKVR I1 342., SKVR I1 352., SKVR I1 362., SKVR I1 362 a)., SKVR I1 363., SKVR I1 366., SKVR I1 370., SKVR I1 372., SKVR I1 374., SKVR I1 375., SKVR I1 377., SKVR I1 378., SKVR I1 378 a)., SKVR I1 379., SKVR I1 392., SKVR I1 393.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: raud
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.