kylmä
‘cold’ · runosong lemma · Finnish adjective
| English gloss | cold |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,040 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,276, JR 1,764, KR 177 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kylmä, kylmän, kylmät, kylmiä, kylmää, kylymä, kylmästä, kylmässä, kylmähän, kylmään, kylmänä, kylmämistä, kylmäksi, kulmä, kylmillä, kylmältä, kylm, kylmäh, kylmähä, kylmämässä, kylmii, kylmäs, kylmeä, kylmistä, kulmän, kylmämähän, kylymiä, kylmällä, kylmiin, kylmille, kylmälle, kylmäss, kylymää, kylme, kylmeemp, kylmie, kylmihin, kylmähe, kylmäks, kylymät … and 93 more of 133 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| cold (colds, cold's, colder, coldest) | 5,248 | 97.0% |
| freeze (froze) | 67 | 1.2% |
| chill (chilled) | 50 | 0.9% |
| thing (things) | 41 | 0.8% |
| coldness | 22 | 0.4% |
| coldly | 15 | 0.3% |
| get (got) | 12 | 0.2% |
| freezing | 11 | 0.2% |
| getting | 11 | 0.2% |
| make | 10 | 0.2% |
| Uses counted | 5,413 |
Example verses
- eli kylmä kyytösilmä (SKVR I1 44.) read in context
- rivan kylmähän kylähän (SKVR I1 54.) read in context
To cold Riva's village, - imyi kylmässä kylässä (SKVR I1 79.) read in context
Suckled in a cold village, - impi kylmässä kylässä (SKVR I1 79 a).) read in context
A virgin in a frosty village, - kylmän kulta kuumottaa (SKVR I1 80.) read in context
Cold gold grows hot. - tuönnän kulmän pohjasen on (SKVR I1 88.) read in context
- kulmän huostaa on hopie (SKVR I1 89.) read in context
- mill on kulmän kunnön pellon (SKVR I1 93.) read in context
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kynsi | 4,105 | 506 |
| kivi | 3,207 | 673 |
| kylä | 2,460 | 470 |
| kylki | 1,454 | 184 |
| suo | 1,248 | 256 |
| jää | 913 | 164 |
| jauho | 767 | 118 |
| kyty | 720 | 90 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Pakkasen sanat | 272 |
| Oljamissa käynti | 145 |
| Kultaneito | 105 |
| Varkaalle menijä | 65 |
| Tulen sanat | 55 |
| Kilpalaulanta | 54 |
| Pakkasen synty | 52 |
| Rakastuneiden kylmentäminen | 44 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 209 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 112 |
| Soikkola | 93 |
| Suistamo | 84 |
| Lempaala | 83 |
| Vuole | 52 |
| Ilomantsi | 51 |
| Sakkola | 48 |
| Uhtua | 44 |
| Kaprio | 37 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1670–1679 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 3 |
| 1700–1709 | 12 |
| 1760–1769 | 1 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 15 |
| 1800–1809 | 5 |
| 1810–1819 | 15 |
| 1820–1829 | 54 |
| 1830–1839 | 157 |
| 1840–1849 | 206 |
| 1850–1859 | 185 |
| 1860–1869 | 22 |
| 1870–1879 | 89 |
| 1880–1889 | 461 |
| 1890–1899 | 318 |
| 1900–1909 | 197 |
| 1910–1919 | 189 |
| 1920–1929 | 68 |
| 1930–1939 | 442 |
| 1940–1949 | 73 |
| 1950–1959 | 73 |
| 1960–1969 | 57 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 253 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 153 |
| Volmari Porkka | 119 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 78 |
| Jaako Länkelä | 69 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,654)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 44., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 96., SKVR I1 97., SKVR I1 131 a)., SKVR I1 185., SKVR I1 185 a)., SKVR I1 189., SKVR I1 272., SKVR I1 280 a)., SKVR I1 361., SKVR I1 361 a)., SKVR I1 361 b)., SKVR I1 433., SKVR I1 442., SKVR I1 454., SKVR I1 456., SKVR I1 458., SKVR I1 469., SKVR I1 473., SKVR I1 473 a)., SKVR I1 473 b)., SKVR I1 487., SKVR I1 491 a)., SKVR I1 508., SKVR I1 512., SKVR I1 513., SKVR I1 514., SKVR I1 514 a)., SKVR I1 517., SKVR I1 520., SKVR I1 523., SKVR I1 524., SKVR I1 526., SKVR I1 526 a)., SKVR I1 526 b)., SKVR I1 527., SKVR I1 529., SKVR I1 529 a)., SKVR I1 529 b)., SKVR I1 529 c)., SKVR I1 530., SKVR I1 531., SKVR I1 532., SKVR I1 533 a)., SKVR I1 534., SKVR I1 535., SKVR I1 537., SKVR I1 539., SKVR I1 547., SKVR I1 549., SKVR I1 550., SKVR I1 647., SKVR I1 658.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: külm
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.