kylmä
‘cold’ · runosong lemma · Finnish adjective
| English gloss | cold |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,222 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,276, JR 1,764, KR 182 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kylmä, kylmät, kylmi, kylmempi, kylmemp, kylmämistä, kulmä, kylmin, kylmältä, kylm, kylmit, kylmähä, kylymi, kylmämähän, kylmästi, kylymää, kylmijä, kold, kylmämättä, kylmih, kylmil, kylmätä, kulumät, kylymii, kallt, kulmie, kulumäs, kyini, kylmänyt, kälmi, killerikaakaa, kulmäis, kulumäŋ, kyllmä, kylmimässä, kylmy, kylymie, kylymästä, kylymään, kulmäv … and 242 more of 282 attested forms
English senses in context
How the AI analysis rendered this lemma in English, as a share of the entry’s analyzed uses. The analysis groups a lemma with its variant and cognate spellings, so close cognates can share one profile.
| Sense | Share |
|---|---|
| cold | 86.8% |
| cold's | 5.0% |
| colds | 4.3% |
| colder | 1.3% |
| ones | 0.9% |
| froze | 0.4% |
| coldly | 0.4% |
| things | 0.4% |
| freeze | 0.3% |
| coldness | 0.3% |
Example verses
- eli kylmä kyytösilmä (SKVR I1 44.) read in context
- se kylki kyllä kylmä (SKVR I1 272.) read in context
Its side is truly cold, - kulmä peädä keärmeheldä (SKVR I1 433.) read in context
- kulmäis mavot kuntturäksi (SKVR I1 435.) read in context
- se on kulgi kullä kulmä (SKVR I1 442.) read in context
- kylmi jeätä kyynärkunnan (SKVR I1 454.) read in context
Cold ice [measuring] an ell's length. - se oli kulgi kullä kulmä (SKVR I1 458.) read in context
- kylmä jäätä kynärejä (SKVR I1 469.) read in context
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kynsi | 4,105 | 506 |
| kivi | 3,207 | 673 |
| kylä | 2,460 | 470 |
| kylki | 1,454 | 184 |
| suo | 1,248 | 256 |
| jää | 913 | 164 |
| jauho | 767 | 118 |
| kyty | 720 | 90 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Pakkasen sanat | 231 |
| Oljamissa käynti | 130 |
| Kultaneito | 70 |
| Varkaalle menijä | 65 |
| Pakkasen synty | 51 |
| Sotamiehenotto | 33 |
| Rakastuneiden kylmentäminen | 31 |
| Ostettu karja ei ikävöi uudessa paikassa | 29 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 145 |
| Soikkola | 91 |
| Lempaala | 64 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 56 |
| Suistamo | 55 |
| Vuole | 42 |
| Sakkola | 39 |
| Kaprio | 31 |
| Ilomantsi | 28 |
| Kontokki | 27 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1670–1679 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1700–1709 | 10 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 6 |
| 1800–1809 | 3 |
| 1810–1819 | 13 |
| 1820–1829 | 17 |
| 1830–1839 | 67 |
| 1840–1849 | 115 |
| 1850–1859 | 140 |
| 1860–1869 | 18 |
| 1870–1879 | 54 |
| 1880–1889 | 316 |
| 1890–1899 | 210 |
| 1900–1909 | 122 |
| 1910–1919 | 118 |
| 1920–1929 | 41 |
| 1930–1939 | 270 |
| 1940–1949 | 69 |
| 1950–1959 | 54 |
| 1960–1969 | 34 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Kaarle Krohn | 121 |
| Elias Lönnrot | 105 |
| Volmari Porkka | 98 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 58 |
| Jaako Länkelä | 54 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 1,684)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 44., SKVR I1 272., SKVR I1 433., SKVR I1 435., SKVR I1 442., SKVR I1 454., SKVR I1 458., SKVR I1 469., SKVR I1 491 a)., SKVR I1 508., SKVR I1 514., SKVR I1 515., SKVR I1 517., SKVR I1 524., SKVR I1 527., SKVR I1 533 a)., SKVR I1 537., SKVR I1 539., SKVR I1 547., SKVR I1 549., SKVR I1 658., SKVR I1 667., SKVR I1 669., SKVR I1 erill. [Kultaneito] 1., SKVR I2 781., SKVR I2 855., SKVR I2 906., SKVR I2 976., SKVR I2 1016., SKVR I2 1100., SKVR I2 1101., SKVR I2 1106., SKVR I2 1111., SKVR I2 1113., SKVR I2 1116., SKVR I2 1118., SKVR I2 1119., SKVR I2 1215., SKVR I3 1559., SKVR I3 1673., SKVR I3 1673 a)., SKVR I3 1681., SKVR I3 2027., SKVR I4 60., SKVR I4 61., SKVR I4 62., SKVR I4 63., SKVR I4 64., SKVR I4 65., SKVR I4 66., SKVR I4 67., SKVR I4 68., SKVR I4 69., SKVR I4 71., SKVR I4 72., SKVR I4 73., SKVR I4 74., SKVR I4 74 a)., SKVR I4 75., SKVR I4 76.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: külm
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. English senses come from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.