pohja
‘bottom; north’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | bottom; north |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 4,725 |
| By corpus | SKVR 2,913, JR 1,811, KR 289 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
pohjan, pohjon, pohja, pohjat, pohjaan, pohjasta, pohjahan, pohjin, pohjaa, pohjassa, pohjani, pohjaseen, pohjah, pohjom, pohjas, pohjalla, pohjaseh, pohjalle, pohjasessa, pohjoin, pohian, pohjam, pohjukset, pohjast, pohjasa, pohjo, pohjaasesta, pohjasee, pohkiat, pohjane, pohjista, pohjoa, pohjain, pohjaiset, pohjass, pohdjah, pohjaksi, pohjalta, pohjilla, pohj … and 128 more of 168 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| north (north's) | 4,654 | 74.3% |
| bottom (bottoms, bottom's) | 1,425 | 22.7% |
| pohjola (pohjola's) | 53 | 0.8% |
| depth (depths) | 38 | 0.6% |
| northern | 33 | 0.5% |
| base | 18 | 0.3% |
| fundamentally | 15 | 0.2% |
| sole (soles) | 15 | 0.2% |
| northland (northland's) | 14 | 0.2% |
| Uses counted | 6,265 |
Example verses
- niin sano pohjan poika (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
Thus spoke the Northland lad: - siid on aina pohjon akka (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
There, Pohjola’s hag - jo tulou nut pohjom purzi (SKVR I1 3.) read in context
- pohjom pitkähä perähä (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
To distant Pohjola's end - tuoho tuli pohjom pursti (SKVR I1 4 a).) read in context
There came Pohjola's ship. - joba tulou pohjon akka (SKVR I1 5.) read in context
"Already comes the North’s hag." - tuog oli puoli pohjon akka (SKVR I1 6.) read in context
"That was half of Pohjola’s crone," - tuog oli puoli pohjon akka (SKVR I1 7.) read in context
There was a Pohjola crone
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| perä | 3,048 | 491 |
| akka | 2,967 | 507 |
| pitkä | 2,325 | 432 |
| harvahammas | 1,579 | 136 |
| pursi | 1,233 | 174 |
| perin | 702 | 90 |
| oja | 692 | 142 |
| eukko | 645 | 110 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Tulen sanat | 103 |
| Sammon ryöstö | 90 |
| Lemminkäisen virsi | 69 |
| Sammon taonta | 69 |
| Laivaretki | 66 |
| Tulen synty | 65 |
| Väinämöisen ammunta | 58 |
| Kanteleen soitto | 57 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Vuokkiniemi | 187 |
| Narvusi | 125 |
| Suistamo | 96 |
| Soikkola | 85 |
| Ilomantsi | 68 |
| Kontokki | 54 |
| Kiimaisjärvi | 50 |
| Vuole | 47 |
| Lempaala | 46 |
| Kaprio | 41 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 5 |
| 1700–1709 | 9 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 2 |
| 1760–1769 | 5 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 36 |
| 1800–1809 | 4 |
| 1810–1819 | 54 |
| 1820–1829 | 100 |
| 1830–1839 | 263 |
| 1840–1849 | 297 |
| 1850–1859 | 208 |
| 1860–1869 | 29 |
| 1870–1879 | 198 |
| 1880–1889 | 517 |
| 1890–1899 | 292 |
| 1900–1909 | 196 |
| 1910–1919 | 150 |
| 1920–1929 | 58 |
| 1930–1939 | 296 |
| 1940–1949 | 69 |
| 1950–1959 | 62 |
| 1960–1969 | 52 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 411 |
| A. A. Borenius | 130 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 127 |
| Volmari Porkka | 105 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 98 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,915)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 3., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 4 a)., SKVR I1 5., SKVR I1 6., SKVR I1 7., SKVR I1 9., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 22., SKVR I1 26., SKVR I1 26 a)., SKVR I1 27., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 30 a)., SKVR I1 30 b)., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 38., SKVR I1 38 a)., SKVR I1 44., SKVR I1 48., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 50., SKVR I1 53., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 54 a)., SKVR I1 55., SKVR I1 56 a)., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 61., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63 a)., SKVR I1 63 b)., SKVR I1 63 c)., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 65., SKVR I1 72., SKVR I1 73., SKVR I1 74., SKVR I1 77., SKVR I1 77 a)., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 83 b)., SKVR I1 83 c)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 a)., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 89.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: põhi
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.