kesä
‘summer’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | summer |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 6,521 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,722, JR 2,799, KR 287 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kesän, kesällä, kesänä, kesä, kesät, keseä, kesässä, kesäissä, kesoilla, kesää, kessää, keässä, kesäl, kesäll, kesään, kesäksi, kesessä, kesoi, keskkesoilla, kesästä, kesähän, kesestä, kesäks, kezät, kesoille, kesöä, kessään, kesäni, kezän, kesoiss, kesälle, kesälä, kesoill, kesoillakaa, kesäsnä, kesäss, kezeä, kesäst, kesövä, kezäissä … and 121 more of 161 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EMS
kesä-
Sources: EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| summer (summers, summer's) | 6,450 | 98.2% |
| meadow (meadows) | 39 | 0.6% |
| keso | 30 | 0.5% |
| even | 25 | 0.4% |
| whose | 14 | 0.2% |
| field (fields) | 13 | 0.2% |
| fallow (fallows) | 9 | 0.1% |
| hand | 9 | 0.1% |
| spring (spring's) | 9 | 0.1% |
| during | 8 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 6,568 |
Example verses
- seulu seitsemän keseä (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
Seven summers, - selu seittsemen kezeä (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
Calmly seven summers, - selu seittsemen kezuä (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
- seilu seittemen kesuä (SKVR I1 7.) read in context
- seulu keseä (SKVR I1 9.) read in context
A summer raft, - selu seittemen keseä (SKVR I1 9 a).) read in context
- seulu keseä (SKVR I1 11.) read in context
A summer’s span. - kesällä venosen juosten (SKVR I1 12.) read in context
In summer by boat-rowing,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| tämä | 2,066 | 579 |
| yö | 1,890 | 352 |
| kiuru | 1,163 | 124 |
| metsä | 1,070 | 310 |
| mennä | 991 | 462 |
| keskellä | 738 | 136 |
| yksi | 716 | 269 |
| keitto | 638 | 79 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Maailmansyntyruno | 99 |
| Pakkasen sanat | 96 |
| Väinämöisen ammunta | 94 |
| Syntymistään sureva | 93 |
| Lemmennostoloitsut | 92 |
| Karhua vastaan | 90 |
| Lemminkäisen virsi | 82 |
| Huoliensa haastelija | 77 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Vuokkiniemi | 258 |
| Narvusi | 212 |
| Suistamo | 159 |
| Soikkola | 127 |
| Lempaala | 119 |
| Sakkola | 116 |
| Vuole | 115 |
| Ilomantsi | 99 |
| Uhtua | 97 |
| Kontokki | 83 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1700–1709 | 11 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 1 |
| 1760–1769 | 1 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 21 |
| 1800–1809 | 4 |
| 1810–1819 | 24 |
| 1820–1829 | 79 |
| 1830–1839 | 291 |
| 1840–1849 | 406 |
| 1850–1859 | 349 |
| 1860–1869 | 32 |
| 1870–1879 | 211 |
| 1880–1889 | 675 |
| 1890–1899 | 459 |
| 1900–1909 | 279 |
| 1910–1919 | 251 |
| 1920–1929 | 103 |
| 1930–1939 | 686 |
| 1940–1949 | 134 |
| 1950–1959 | 143 |
| 1960–1969 | 159 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 446 |
| Volmari Porkka | 222 |
| A. A. Borenius | 157 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 157 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 156 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,339)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 7., SKVR I1 9., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 11., SKVR I1 12., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 16., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 24., SKVR I1 26., SKVR I1 26 a)., SKVR I1 27., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 30 a)., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 40., SKVR I1 44., SKVR I1 47., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 61., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 74., SKVR I1 75., SKVR I1 76., SKVR I1 76 a)., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 84 b)., SKVR I1 86., SKVR I1 87., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 91., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 94., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 97., SKVR I1 100., SKVR I1 102., SKVR I1 105., SKVR I1 106., SKVR I1 117., SKVR I1 119., SKVR I1 120., SKVR I1 121.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: kesa
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.