koivu

‘birch’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun

English gloss	birch
Part of speech	noun
Language	Finnish
Total occurrences	4,811
By corpus	SKVR 3,205, JR 1,606, KR 135 poems, ERAB 0

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

koivun, koivu, koivut, koivusen, koivussa, koivuss, koivusta, koivunen, koivulle, koivuun, koivua, koivuu, koivuja, koivuksi, koivuset, koivus, koivune, koivusella, koivul, koivuista, koivuhun, koivukse, koivuni, koivust, koivuin, koivulta, koivull, koivusilla, koivuzilla, koivuse, koivui, koivult, koivutkin, koivuille, koivuselle, koivusil, koifwun, koivuks, koivulla, koivuna … and 46 more of 86 attested forms

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
birch (birch's, birches, birches')	7,757	99.9%
little	57	0.7%
make (made)	12	0.2%
Uses counted	7,767

Example verses

nousi koivun kongelolla (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
Rose on a birch branch,
nouzi koivun kongelolla (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
Rose on a birch's knoll,
nouzi koivun kongelolla (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
Rose on birch's crooked branch,
nousi koivun konkelolla (SKVR I1 14.) read in context
Rose on a birch's crook,
nousi koivun konkelolle (SKVR I1 15.) read in context
"Climbed a birch’s bent trunk,"
nousi koivun kongelolla (SKVR I1 17.) read in context
Rose on a birch's crook,
koivun lengolla lepää (SKVR I1 30.) read in context
Rests on a birch branch;
koivun lenkoilla lepäisi (SKVR I1 30 a).) read in context
Rested on birch branches,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
tulinen	2,522	340
oksa	2,458	361
konkelo	2,234	186
korento	1,964	229
lehti	1,740	272
kuori	1,237	164
kokko	1,011	182
oikaista	1,001	93

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Lemminkäisen virsi	137
Käärmeen sanat	94
Nuku, nuku, nurmilintu	94
Kanteleen soitto	90
Puun sanat	88
Kanteleen synty	86
Puun synty	82
Käärmeen synty	78

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Suistamo	142
Narvusi	139
Soikkola	137
Vuokkiniemi	131
Uhtua	81
Ilomantsi	77
Lempaala	74
Vuole	61
Kontokki	57
Korpiselkä	49

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1690–1699	1
1700–1709	4
1730–1739	1
1770–1779	1
1780–1789	17
1800–1809	1
1810–1819	47
1820–1829	49
1830–1839	174
1840–1849	246
1850–1859	230
1860–1869	38
1870–1879	172
1880–1889	553
1890–1899	413
1900–1909	240
1910–1919	361
1920–1929	89
1930–1939	524
1940–1949	114
1950–1959	79
1960–1969	66

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	261
Volmari Porkka	155
Kaarle Krohn	132
A. A. Borenius	114
Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori	114

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,431)

SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 30 a)., SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 53., SKVR I1 83 b)., SKVR I1 86., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 102., SKVR I1 103., SKVR I1 105., SKVR I1 106., SKVR I1 117., SKVR I1 120., SKVR I1 121., SKVR I1 122., SKVR I1 123., SKVR I1 186., SKVR I1 208., SKVR I1 233., SKVR I1 234., SKVR I1 238., SKVR I1 239., SKVR I1 304., SKVR I1 314., SKVR I1 352., SKVR I1 365., SKVR I1 372., SKVR I1 395., SKVR I1 412., SKVR I1 414., SKVR I1 414 a)., SKVR I1 442., SKVR I1 454., SKVR I1 467., SKVR I1 487., SKVR I1 517., SKVR I1 553., SKVR I1 553 a)., SKVR I1 554., SKVR I1 555., SKVR I1 558., SKVR I1 562., SKVR I1 564., SKVR I1 568., SKVR I1 569., SKVR I1 574., SKVR I1 574 a)., SKVR I1 576., SKVR I1 578., SKVR I1 583., SKVR I1 584., SKVR I1 585., SKVR I1 587.

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.