kuningas
‘king’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun
| English gloss | king |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 6,174 |
| By corpus | SKVR 2,324, JR 1,583, KR 247 poems, ERAB 2,267 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kuningas, kuninga, kuninkas, kuninkaan, kuning, kuningad, kuningale, kuningate, kuningal, kunigas, kuningast, kuningasta, kuninkaat, kuningalle, kuningasten, kuninkaalle, kuninkahan, kuningahat, kuningaks, kuningat, kuninkaasta, kuninkaaksi, kuninkahille, kuninkaaks, kuninkahat, kuningile, kuninkahaksi, kunning, kuninge, cuningas, kuninkaatki, kunningas, kunikas, kuningide, kuningist, kuningaan, kuningalta, kuningatel, kuningalt, kunige … and 228 more of 268 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
kuningas · -ga, -gat 2
- 1. mõnede monarhistlike riikide meessoost riigipea tiitel; seda kandev valitseja
- 2. (inimeste, loomade, esemete vm. kohta)
- 3. (mängudes)
EMS
kuningas
- monarh
- kullakoti otsas istumas
- kepp (sirgest inimesest)
- pandilunastamise mäng
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| king (king's, kings, kings') | 6,576 | 99.3% |
| even | 16 | 0.2% |
| little | 10 | 0.2% |
| kuningas | 8 | 0.1% |
| too | 7 | 0.1% |
| Uses counted | 6,620 |
Example verses
- ukko kultanen kuningas (SKVR I1 64.) read in context
Ukko, golden king! - ukko kultani kuninkas (SKVR I1 317.) read in context
"Ukko, my golden king, - ukkopa kultani kuningas (SKVR I1 330.) read in context
- vejen kultani kuninkas (SKVR I1 422.) read in context
- kuningal oli kuldakõrbi (AES, MT 3, 14) read in context
The king had a golden sheath, - kuningal oli kuldakõrbi (AES, MT 3, 14) read in context
The king had a golden sheath, - kurat kuulus kuningas (AES, MT 76, 3 (3)) read in context
Devil, renowned king, / Accursed, notorious king, - kukrust kaia kuningas (AES, MT 102, 24, (3)) read in context
From Kaiõ's crown, the king,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kultainen | 7,342 | 1,022 |
| kuuluisa | 3,986 | 412 |
| metsä | 3,616 | 689 |
| kuramaa | 1,079 | 145 |
| kuningake | 862 | 73 |
| ruotsi | 800 | 138 |
| kuulus | 719 | 110 |
| kuldne | 676 | 159 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karhua vastaan | 134 |
| Sotamiehenotto | 128 |
| Kuningamäng | 88 |
| Lohikäärme ja neito | 82 |
| Metsälle lähtiessä | 77 |
| Niin tyttö isän kotona - niin miniä miehelässä | 75 |
| Venna sõjalugu | 57 |
| Sodan kuvaus | 53 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 172 |
| Suistamo | 121 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 110 |
| Soikkola | 87 |
| Setumaa | 85 |
| Haljala | 70 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 66 |
| Suojärvi | 65 |
| Ilomantsi | 60 |
| Salmi | 60 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1610–1619 | 1 |
| 1650–1659 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 12 |
| 1700–1709 | 10 |
| 1710–1719 | 1 |
| 1720–1729 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1740–1749 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 7 |
| 1760–1769 | 2 |
| 1770–1779 | 5 |
| 1780–1789 | 30 |
| 1800–1809 | 6 |
| 1810–1819 | 38 |
| 1820–1829 | 61 |
| 1830–1839 | 134 |
| 1840–1849 | 262 |
| 1850–1859 | 235 |
| 1860–1869 | 63 |
| 1870–1879 | 178 |
| 1880–1889 | 852 |
| 1890–1899 | 758 |
| 1900–1909 | 274 |
| 1910–1919 | 289 |
| 1920–1929 | 222 |
| 1930–1939 | 552 |
| 1940–1949 | 94 |
| 1950–1959 | 60 |
| 1960–1969 | 63 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 274 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 136 |
| Volmari Porkka | 116 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 86 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 78 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,322)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 317., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 422., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 650., SKVR I1 670 a)., SKVR I1 681., SKVR I1 682., SKVR I1 683., SKVR I1 683 a)., SKVR I1 685., SKVR I1 689., SKVR I1 690., SKVR I1 692., SKVR I1 693., SKVR I1 694., SKVR I1 697., SKVR I1 698., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 1., SKVR I1 erill. [Laivaretki ja kantele] 12., SKVR I2 786., SKVR I2 1007., SKVR I2 1020., SKVR I2 1040., SKVR I2 1041., SKVR I2 1042., SKVR I2 1043., SKVR I2 1044., SKVR I2 1047., SKVR I2 1049., SKVR I2 1050., SKVR I2 1051., SKVR I2 1053., SKVR I2 1064., SKVR I2 1065., SKVR I2 1071., SKVR I2 1072., SKVR I2 1073., SKVR I2 1074., SKVR I2 1075., SKVR I2 1076., SKVR I2 1174., SKVR I2 1181., SKVR I2 1191., SKVR I2 1194., SKVR I2 1243., SKVR I2 1244., SKVR I2 1245., SKVR I3 1549., SKVR I3 1552., SKVR I3 1577., SKVR I3 1749., SKVR I3 1952., SKVR I4 1., SKVR I4 2., SKVR I4 18., SKVR I4 31., SKVR I4 35., SKVR I4 36.
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.