kuningas
‘king’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun
| English gloss | king |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 6,425 |
| By corpus | SKVR 2,324, JR 1,583, KR 251 poems, ERAB 2,267 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kuninga, kuningate, kunikas, kunehuk, kundsast, kungas, wasan, kunage, kunigist, kuniŋŋas, kungin, kungos, kunigille, kunigilõ, kunika, kunikat, kunalaste, kunasta, kunge, kunigukene, kunikahille, kunikasta, kunikest, kuninda, kuningaski, kuningekene, kuninkua, kunnig, kunnigale, könig, cunjngahat, inkahan, kauningoni, kgs, konkinkonkin, konung, kooningas, korolok, koroläk, kungah … and 323 more of 363 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
kuningas · -ga, -gat 2
- 1. mõnede monarhistlike riikide meessoost riigipea tiitel; seda kandev valitseja
- 2. (inimeste, loomade, esemete vm. kohta)
- 3. (mängudes)
EMS
kuningas
- monarh
- kullakoti otsas istumas
- kepp (sirgest inimesest)
- pandilunastamise mäng
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut
English senses in context
How the AI analysis rendered this lemma in English, as a share of the entry’s analyzed uses. The analysis groups a lemma with its variant and cognate spellings, so close cognates can share one profile.
| Sense | Share |
|---|---|
| king | 75.0% |
| king's | 15.7% |
| kings | 6.3% |
| kings' | 2.4% |
| even | 0.2% |
| little | 0.2% |
| kuningas | 0.1% |
| too | 0.1% |
| master | 0.1% |
| queens | 0.1% |
Example verses
- ukko kultanen kuningas (SKVR I1 64.) read in context
Ukko, golden king! - ukkopa kultani kuningas (SKVR I1 330.) read in context
- izeki veen kuningas (SKVR I1 589.) read in context
Even the water's king himself, - ukkopa kultani kuningas (SKVR I1 670 a).) read in context
- kurat kuulus kuningas (AES, MT 76, 3 (3)) read in context
Devil, renowned king, / Accursed, notorious king, - kukrust kaia kuningas (AES, MT 102, 24, (3)) read in context
From Kaiõ's crown, the king, - kuvvõkümne kungalise (AES, MT 145, 1/12) read in context
of sixty parts. - kuuramaa kuninga vasta (AES, MT 197, 28) read in context
against Courland's king in turn,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kultainen | 7,342 | 1,022 |
| kuuluisa | 3,986 | 412 |
| metsä | 3,616 | 689 |
| kuramaa | 1,079 | 145 |
| kuningake | 862 | 73 |
| ruotsi | 800 | 138 |
| kuulus | 719 | 110 |
| kuldne | 676 | 159 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Karhua vastaan | 116 |
| Sotamiehenotto | 112 |
| Metsälle lähtiessä | 67 |
| Niin tyttö isän kotona - niin miniä miehelässä | 53 |
| Kuningamäng | 48 |
| Lohikäärme ja neito | 46 |
| Venna sõjalugu | 45 |
| Kaevul kosija | 41 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 93 |
| Suistamo | 88 |
| Kolga-Jaani | 61 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 55 |
| Haljala | 53 |
| Soikkola | 51 |
| Suojärvi | 47 |
| Ilomantsi | 47 |
| Setumaa | 43 |
| Korpiselkä | 42 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1610–1619 | 1 |
| 1650–1659 | 2 |
| 1690–1699 | 7 |
| 1700–1709 | 7 |
| 1740–1749 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 2 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 32 |
| 1800–1809 | 5 |
| 1810–1819 | 33 |
| 1820–1829 | 39 |
| 1830–1839 | 96 |
| 1840–1849 | 206 |
| 1850–1859 | 172 |
| 1860–1869 | 42 |
| 1870–1879 | 105 |
| 1880–1889 | 578 |
| 1890–1899 | 535 |
| 1900–1909 | 183 |
| 1910–1919 | 172 |
| 1920–1929 | 156 |
| 1930–1939 | 318 |
| 1940–1949 | 47 |
| 1950–1959 | 34 |
| 1960–1969 | 31 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 197 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 110 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 76 |
| Volmari Porkka | 67 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 48 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 2,883)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 670 a)., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 1., SKVR I1 erill. [Laivaretki ja kantele] 12., SKVR I2 786., SKVR I2 1007., SKVR I2 1020., SKVR I2 1040., SKVR I2 1041., SKVR I2 1042., SKVR I2 1043., SKVR I2 1044., SKVR I2 1047., SKVR I2 1050., SKVR I2 1051., SKVR I2 1053., SKVR I2 1073., SKVR I2 1076., SKVR I2 1174., SKVR I2 1181., SKVR I2 1194., SKVR I2 1244., SKVR I2 1245., SKVR I4 1., SKVR I4 31., SKVR I4 35., SKVR I4 175., SKVR I4 177., SKVR I4 291., SKVR I4 493., SKVR I4 505., SKVR I4 508., SKVR I4 516., SKVR I4 520., SKVR I4 539., SKVR I4 737., SKVR I4 746., SKVR I4 749., SKVR I4 766., SKVR I4 796., SKVR I4 860., SKVR I4 960., SKVR I4 973., SKVR I4 1022., SKVR I4 1023., SKVR I4 1025., SKVR I4 1026., SKVR I4 1029., SKVR I4 1032., SKVR I4 1036., SKVR I4 1039., SKVR I4 1040., SKVR I4 1041., SKVR I4 1042., SKVR I4 1043., SKVR I4 1044., SKVR I4 1048., SKVR I4 1058.
Related lemmas
- Finnish cognate: kuninkaan
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. English senses come from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.