kallio
‘rock’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | rock |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 5,682 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,309, JR 2,373, KR 231 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
kalliolle, kalliolla, kalliosta, kallion, kalliohon, kallioon, kalliot, kallivolla, kallio, kalliolta, kallivoh, kalliossa, kallioo, kallivosta, kallallee, kallivon, kallijolle, kallivoho, kallivot, kallioita, kallioille, kallijolla, kalliollen, kallahalle, kallioihin, kalliost, kalliota, kallahille, kallioh, kallivohon, kallioilla, kallioll, kallallaa, kallijosta, kallijon, kalliol, kallivohe, kallijohon, kallivolle, kallallie … and 193 more of 233 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| rock (rocks, rock's) | 5,475 | 91.5% |
| cliff (cliffs, cliff's) | 426 | 7.1% |
| fish | 50 | 0.8% |
| stone (stones) | 33 | 0.6% |
| Uses counted | 5,984 |
Example verses
- veti viivan kalliohon (SKVR I1 35.) read in context
Drew a line on the cliff, - peäsin peällä kallivon (SKVR I1 49.) read in context
I placed upon the skull, - kahen kallivon lomassa (SKVR I1 53.) read in context
Between two rocks' embrace, - kalkutteli kallivolla (SKVR I1 89.) read in context
Clanged with his oar. - kalkutteli kallivolla (SKVR I1 103.) read in context
Clattered it on the rocky shore. - pääsin päälle kalliolle (SKVR I1 124.) read in context
I climbed atop a cliff, - häntä kaivo kalliota (SKVR I1 130.) read in context
his tail gouged the rock. - hongat hornan kalliolla (SKVR I1 158.) read in context
Pines on Horna's cliff."
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kartano | 3,478 | 499 |
| kalkuttaa | 2,967 | 305 |
| karahduttaa | 1,784 | 150 |
| kaatua | 1,629 | 251 |
| kalke | 1,101 | 99 |
| kakku | 947 | 166 |
| rautainen | 814 | 150 |
| kaksi | 781 | 236 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Käärmeen sanat | 236 |
| Polvenhaava | 233 |
| Käärmeen synty | 223 |
| Nuku, nuku, nurmilintu | 197 |
| Kalevanpojan kosto | 134 |
| Pistos | 108 |
| Pistoksen synty | 101 |
| Käärmeen pureman historiola | 92 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 120 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 119 |
| Suistamo | 111 |
| Ilomantsi | 102 |
| Soikkola | 94 |
| Saarijärvi | 82 |
| Suojärvi | 69 |
| Kontokki | 62 |
| Lempaala | 59 |
| Sakkola | 55 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1560–1569 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 5 |
| 1700–1709 | 11 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 1 |
| 1760–1769 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 27 |
| 1800–1809 | 3 |
| 1810–1819 | 58 |
| 1820–1829 | 84 |
| 1830–1839 | 195 |
| 1840–1849 | 247 |
| 1850–1859 | 174 |
| 1860–1869 | 26 |
| 1870–1879 | 149 |
| 1880–1889 | 727 |
| 1890–1899 | 431 |
| 1900–1909 | 277 |
| 1910–1919 | 289 |
| 1920–1929 | 136 |
| 1930–1939 | 665 |
| 1940–1949 | 121 |
| 1950–1959 | 164 |
| 1960–1969 | 158 |
| 1970–1979 | 1 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 323 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 229 |
| Hämeenlinnan alakansakouluseminaari | 114 |
| A. A. Borenius | 110 |
| Frans Kärki | 107 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,963)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 35., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 53., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 103., SKVR I1 124., SKVR I1 130., SKVR I1 158., SKVR I1 173., SKVR I1 178., SKVR I1 244., SKVR I1 281., SKVR I1 281 a)., SKVR I1 282., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 284., SKVR I1 285., SKVR I1 286., SKVR I1 287., SKVR I1 288., SKVR I1 291., SKVR I1 292., SKVR I1 295., SKVR I1 296., SKVR I1 297., SKVR I1 298., SKVR I1 298 a)., SKVR I1 299., SKVR I1 304., SKVR I1 305., SKVR I1 306., SKVR I1 307., SKVR I1 308., SKVR I1 308 a)., SKVR I1 309., SKVR I1 310., SKVR I1 311., SKVR I1 313., SKVR I1 315., SKVR I1 317., SKVR I1 319., SKVR I1 320., SKVR I1 321., SKVR I1 325., SKVR I1 326., SKVR I1 328., SKVR I1 329., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 331., SKVR I1 332., SKVR I1 333., SKVR I1 334., SKVR I1 342., SKVR I1 346., SKVR I1 353., SKVR I1 357., SKVR I1 387., SKVR I1 409 b)., SKVR I1 420., SKVR I1 425.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: kalju
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.