jumala

‘God’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun

English gloss	God
Part of speech	noun
Language	Finnish
Total occurrences	11,031
By corpus	SKVR 6,949, JR 4,082, KR 536 poems, ERAB 0

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

jumala, jumalan, jummaala, jumalalle, jumalaa, jumalalla, jummala, jummaalan, jumalalta, jumalten, jummalan, jumalain, jumalasta, jumaloihin, jumalani, jumaloista, jumalata, jumalahani, jumalassa, jumalaan, iumala, jumaluemme, jumalalt, jumalam, jumalass, jumaalan, jumalamme, jumaloa, jumaloihiin, jumalane, jumaloissa, jumalaasi, jumalas, jumalihe, jumalilla, jumalanki, jumalapa, jumall, djumalan, iumalan … and 118 more of 158 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

jumala · adv kõnek

täiesti, päris, puhta

EMS

jumala

täiesti, päris, üsna, lausa
(koos eitusega)
mitte sugugi, mitte raasugi

Seto

jumala

täiesti, päris siih om iks jumala (hea) elo Se; [ma] oĺli otsani jumala söömäldäʔ, nii paastõti Se

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
god (god's, gods, gods')	16,358	99.5%
Uses counted	16,447

Example verses

takeldu veno jumala (SKVR I1 9 a).) read in context
The rigged boat, a god,
ukko ylinen jumala (SKVR I1 16.) read in context
The supreme God, Old Man,
oi päivä jumalan luoma (SKVR I1 42.) read in context
"O sun, God's creation,
taivahallini jumala (SKVR I1 58.) read in context
taivahallini jumala (SKVR I1 58 a).) read in context
oi ukko yli jumala (SKVR I1 64.) read in context
"O Ukko, highest God,
taivahallini jumala (SKVR I1 78.) read in context
luo luoja luo jumala (SKVR I1 80.) read in context

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
luoda	9,346	1,336
siunata	1,500	235
puhas	1,246	246
ukko	1,235	344
kiitos	1,194	176
kiittää	1,193	220
puu	1,169	489
hyvä	1,161	456

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Puun sanat	280
Käärmeen sanat	165
Käärmeen synty	145
Verensulku	142
Puun synty	129
Tulen sanat	128
Raudan sanat	109
Nukuta Jumala lasta	102

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Narvusi	394
Vuokkiniemi	361
Suistamo	341
Soikkola	324
Lempaala	191
Ilomantsi	175
Kaprio	119
Kontokki	113
Suojärvi	102
Sakkola	101

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1560–1569	1
1650–1659	2
1670–1679	1
1680–1689	1
1690–1699	24
1700–1709	34
1710–1719	1
1730–1739	3
1750–1759	9
1760–1769	6
1770–1779	4
1780–1789	41
1800–1809	10
1810–1819	101
1820–1829	167
1830–1839	386
1840–1849	709
1850–1859	447
1860–1869	85
1870–1879	223
1880–1889	1,301
1890–1899	840
1900–1909	578
1910–1919	495
1920–1929	142
1930–1939	907
1940–1949	208
1950–1959	168
1960–1969	187

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	762
Volmari Porkka	361
Kaarle Krohn	339
D. E. D. Europaeus	229
Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori	226

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 7,104)

SKVR: SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 16., SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 107., SKVR I1 115., SKVR I1 136., SKVR I1 165., SKVR I1 175., SKVR I1 253 a)., SKVR I1 273., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 289., SKVR I1 298., SKVR I1 298 a)., SKVR I1 298 b)., SKVR I1 299., SKVR I1 330., SKVR I1 332., SKVR I1 337., SKVR I1 338., SKVR I1 339., SKVR I1 339 a)., SKVR I1 340., SKVR I1 340 a)., SKVR I1 348., SKVR I1 360., SKVR I1 410., SKVR I1 410 a)., SKVR I1 438., SKVR I1 442., SKVR I1 443., SKVR I1 472., SKVR I1 473., SKVR I1 473 a)., SKVR I1 473 b)., SKVR I1 531., SKVR I1 579 a)., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 590., SKVR I1 591., SKVR I1 609., SKVR I1 670 a)., SKVR I1 674., SKVR I1 676., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpalaulanta] 1., SKVR I1 erill. [Polvenhaava] 3., SKVR I2 713., SKVR I2 716., SKVR I2 725., SKVR I2 726., SKVR I2 728., SKVR I2 728 a)., SKVR I2 729., SKVR I2 731., SKVR I2 741.

Related lemmas

Estonian cognate: jumal

← jumal juoda →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.