paju

‘willow’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun

English gloss	willow
Part of speech	noun
Language	Estonian and Finnish
Total occurrences	5,921
By corpus	SKVR 2,265, JR 1,663, KR 101 poems, ERAB 1,993

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

pajun, paju, pajussa, pajusta, paiu, pajusse, pajulle, pajust, pajo, pajuille, pajune, pajul, pajut, pajuja, pajulla, pajulta, pajus, pajud, pajuna, pajuilla, pajua, pajuda, pajuinen, pajunen, pajuun, paiju, pajosse, pajuista, pajosta, pajost, pajuse, pajule, pajude, pajjuu, pajossa, pajuhun, pajusen, pajuksi, pajult, pajuine … and 78 more of 118 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

paju · 11

hrl. niisketes kohtades kasvav paljuliigiline kerge puiduga kahekojaline põõsas v. lehtpuu (Salix)

EMS

paju-

paju-

paju

(põõsas või lehtpuu)

Idamurre

paju

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
willow (willow's, willows, willows')	6,590	98.1%
forge (forges)	27	0.4%
smithy	24	0.4%
head (heads)	19	0.3%
like	18	0.3%
make (made)	16	0.2%
thicket	9	0.1%
bush	8	0.1%
little	8	0.1%
pajun	8	0.1%
Uses counted	6,717

Example verses

paju pehko rahkehista (SKVR I1 185.) read in context
Willow from the harness straps.
pajun puita vanhimmaksi (SKVR I1 185 a).) read in context
Willow as eldest tree,
pajum puista vanhimmakse (SKVR I1 188.) read in context
paimenet pajusin sauvoin (SKVR I1 227.) read in context
pää panni paiu pääle (AES, MT 63, 3/5) read in context
On my head I placed the sun-hat,
paju pealt sain pastlad otsa (AES, MT 76, 16/7 (9)) read in context
from the willow, I got bast shoes,
panni ma põllõ paiu pääle (AES, MT 102, 27 (1)) read in context
I placed [it] on the field's head-end,
panni ma pää paiu pääle (AES, MT 117, 57/8 (11)) read in context
I placed my head on the fir,

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
panna	3,861	811
juuri	3,345	482
part	2,428	352
niini	1,095	127
panema	755	338
paisua	620	91
vesa	614	92
paita	587	131

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Käärmeen sanat	397
Käärmeen synty	198
Pakkasen sanat	85
Varas vie koristeet	72
Käärmeen pureman historiola	64
Huoliensa haastelija	56
Rutsa	49
Saksad põrgu!	48

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Narvusi	138
Kuusalu	123
Haljala	94
Soikkola	83
Kolga-Jaani	77
Suistamo	75
Vuokkiniemi	64
Lempaala	63
Paistu	58
Ambla	52

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1700–1709	4
1770–1779	2
1780–1789	11
1800–1809	1
1810–1819	36
1820–1829	45
1830–1839	101
1840–1849	184
1850–1859	178
1860–1869	33
1870–1879	171
1880–1889	733
1890–1899	764
1900–1909	245
1910–1919	282
1920–1929	156
1930–1939	355
1940–1949	71
1950–1959	44
1960–1969	23

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	175
Kaarle Krohn	102
Volmari Porkka	90
Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori	78
D. E. D. Europaeus	75

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,560)

SKVR: SKVR I1 185., SKVR I1 185 a)., SKVR I1 188., SKVR I1 227., SKVR I1 368., SKVR I1 369., SKVR I1 383., SKVR I1 383 a)., SKVR I1 387., SKVR I1 399., SKVR I1 411., SKVR I1 520., SKVR I2 722., SKVR I2 722 a)., SKVR I2 892., SKVR I2 893., SKVR I2 894., SKVR I2 898., SKVR I2 901., SKVR I2 945., SKVR I2 984., SKVR I2 1006., SKVR I3 1411., SKVR I3 1453., SKVR I3 1463., SKVR I3 1826., SKVR I3 1828., SKVR I3 1831., SKVR I3 1843., SKVR I3 1848., SKVR I3 1855., SKVR I3 1859., SKVR I3 1863., SKVR I3 1865., SKVR I3 1903., SKVR I3 1905., SKVR I3 1906., SKVR I3 1909., SKVR I3 1910., SKVR I3 1912., SKVR I3 1913., SKVR I3 1914., SKVR I3 1998., SKVR I3 2040., SKVR I4 61., SKVR I4 63., SKVR I4 64., SKVR I4 66., SKVR I4 67., SKVR I4 73., SKVR I4 76., SKVR I4 77., SKVR I4 78., SKVR I4 79., SKVR I4 84., SKVR I4 85., SKVR I4 99., SKVR I4 105., SKVR I4 108., SKVR I4 378.

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About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.