viha

‘anger’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun

English gloss	anger
Part of speech	noun
Language	Estonian and Finnish
Total occurrences	5,964
By corpus	SKVR 2,354, JR 1,271, KR 164 poems, ERAB 2,339

The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.

Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution

Attested wordforms

viha, vihasi, vihas, vihat, vihan, vihoja, vihoa, vihad, vihasse, vihasta, vihoin, vihassa, vihaksi, vihhain, vihada, vihoista, vihaga, vihalla, vihhas, vihansa, vihal, vihale, vihast, vihansi, vihani, vijan, vihoissa, vihala, vihasa, vihaks, vihatsõ, vihha, vihakse, vihoille, vih, wihan, vihoihin, wiha, vihain, vihaas … and 103 more of 143 attested forms

In Estonian dictionaries

Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.

EKSS

viha · 11

1. vaenulikkuse ja ärritatusega seotud tugev tunne, äge pahameel v. sallimatus
2. mõru, kibe
3. mõru maitse, mõrudus; mõju v. vägi
4. mädanik

Idamurre

viha

viha

Seto

viha

havvutamma

Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut

English words in the AI translations

How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.

English word	Uses	Share
anger (angers, anger's)	4,908	85.4%
wrath (wraths)	217	3.8%
hatred (hatreds)	177	3.1%
angry	118	2.1%
hate (hated)	101	1.8%
bundle (bundles)	43	0.7%
angrily	34	0.6%
sheaf	32	0.6%
little	29	0.5%
strong	24	0.4%
Uses counted	5,749

Example verses

piti viikoista vihoa (SKVR I1 11.) read in context
Held weeks of fury,
piti viikoista vihoa (SKVR I1 13.) read in context
Held weeks of wrath,
piti viikoista vihoa (SKVR I1 14.) read in context
Held weeks of wrath,
piti viikkoista vihoa (SKVR I1 15.) read in context
Endured weeks of wrath,
viimuks vihad humalad (AES, MT 27, 32/4) read in context
Lastly, bitter hops.
au viha virdeesta (AES, MT 34, 1/3) read in context
Honor's wrath from the fence,
vihad iilgvad riia linna (AES, MT 43, 75) read in context
Sinews [or angers] glisten to Riga city.
vendade viha alune (AES, MT 49, 11/2 (3)) read in context
Under brothers' wrath I lay.

Companion words

Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.

Word	Association (G²)	Co-occurrences
viina	2,531	360
juoda	1,259	275
viin	1,058	229
võtma	1,037	443
ärge	1,025	184
viskata	1,018	154
villainen	792	102
viikko	697	160

Song types

Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).

Song type	Poems
Käärmeen sanat	248
Käärmeen synty	175
Ema haual	132
Raudan sanat	103
Maailmansyntyruno	94
Väinämöisen ammunta	90
Tulen sanat	87
Raudan synty	70

Collection places

Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.

Place	Poems
Setumaa	191
Suistamo	135
Vuokkiniemi	105
Soikkola	76
Karksi	73
Kolga-Jaani	70
Haljala	65
Narvusi	64
Kontokki	60
Paistu	59

Attestation over time

Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.

Decade	Poems
1560–1569	1
1650–1659	1
1680–1689	1
1690–1699	13
1700–1709	7
1750–1759	1
1760–1769	2
1770–1779	4
1780–1789	23
1800–1809	7
1810–1819	21
1820–1829	68
1830–1839	145
1840–1849	174
1850–1859	107
1860–1869	46
1870–1879	266
1880–1889	967
1890–1899	852
1900–1909	312
1910–1919	268
1920–1929	266
1930–1939	527
1940–1949	122
1950–1959	33
1960–1969	22

Collectors

The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.

Collector	Poems
Elias Lönnrot	221
Kaarle Krohn	133
Volmari Porkka	109
D. E. D. Europaeus	66
Heikki Meriläinen	62

Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 4,347)

SKVR: SKVR I1 11., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 30 a)., SKVR I1 33., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 38., SKVR I1 38 a)., SKVR I1 43., SKVR I1 49., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63., SKVR I1 74., SKVR I1 75., SKVR I1 78., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 83., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 86., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 91., SKVR I1 92., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 97., SKVR I1 100., SKVR I1 101., SKVR I1 103., SKVR I1 106., SKVR I1 107., SKVR I1 122., SKVR I1 123., SKVR I1 124., SKVR I1 125., SKVR I1 126., SKVR I1 127., SKVR I1 189., SKVR I1 283., SKVR I1 286., SKVR I1 294., SKVR I1 305., SKVR I1 329., SKVR I1 334., SKVR I1 607., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 5., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 8., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 9., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpakosinta] 8., SKVR I2 710., SKVR I2 801., SKVR I2 808., SKVR I2 815.

← vieras viikko →

About this profile

The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.

The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.

Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.