ämmä
‘old woman’ · runosong lemma · Finnish noun
| English gloss | old woman |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 4,999 |
| By corpus | SKVR 2,682, JR 2,317, KR 82 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
ämmä, ämmän, ämmät, ämmiltä, ämmää, ämmii, ämmänsä, ämmäs, ämmälle, ämmö, ämmäin, ämmältä, ämmiä, ämmällä, ämmäm, ämmäni, ämmältäni, ämmäv, ämmöni, ämmillä, ämmällein, ämmille, ämmil, ämmäns, ämmäll, ämmällesi, ämmälläin, ämmöseni, ämmätkin, ämmällee, ämmälleis, ämmäpä, ämmäz, ämmään, ämmistä, ämmäis, ämmälleini, ämmäsi, ämmästä, ämmääsi … and 86 more of 126 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| woman (woman's, women, women's) | 4,887 | 83.4% |
| old | 4,275 | 73.0% |
| crone (crone's, crones) | 570 | 9.7% |
| hag (hag's, hags) | 276 | 4.7% |
| wife (wives) | 105 | 1.8% |
| mother | 20 | 0.3% |
| Uses counted | 5,858 |
Example verses
- ämmöni soutaa (SKVR I2 1087.) read in context
My old woman is rowing. - ämmäni matkoo (SKVR I2 1091.) read in context
- ämmös airot armahamat (SKVR I2 1092.) read in context
"Old woman's oars most beloved, - ämmö matkaa (SKVR I2 1093.) read in context
The crone travels. - ämmösi kultabratina (SKVR I2 1144.) read in context
May your crone's golden trinket - ämmölläs kivini luota (SKVR I2 1148 a).) read in context
- ämmösi vaski maljalla (SKVR I2 1155.) read in context
- min jätit ämmölläs (SKVR I2 1194.) read in context
"Why did you leave your crone?"
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| vanha | 5,377 | 934 |
| vakka | 1,793 | 250 |
| taipale | 1,724 | 162 |
| kylä | 1,563 | 355 |
| kysyä | 1,451 | 289 |
| leipoa | 1,148 | 184 |
| tappella | 921 | 115 |
| tai | 717 | 153 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Hiiri metsähän menevi | 231 |
| Pakeneva | 164 |
| Hämeen ihmeet | 71 |
| Tai, tai, Taipaleen ämmä katkaisi vasikan hännän | 61 |
| Ken söi kesävoin? | 55 |
| Yskä | 31 |
| Laskiaishuuto | 30 |
| Poika miulle miniän tuopi | 26 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 217 |
| Uskela | 109 |
| Rautu | 77 |
| Sakkola | 68 |
| Kivennapa | 63 |
| Soikkola | 60 |
| Lempaala | 52 |
| Metsäpirtti | 52 |
| Vuole | 43 |
| Uusikirkko Vpl. | 41 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 1 |
| 1700–1709 | 5 |
| 1750–1759 | 1 |
| 1770–1779 | 1 |
| 1780–1789 | 3 |
| 1810–1819 | 8 |
| 1820–1829 | 7 |
| 1830–1839 | 41 |
| 1840–1849 | 119 |
| 1850–1859 | 224 |
| 1860–1869 | 19 |
| 1870–1879 | 27 |
| 1880–1889 | 235 |
| 1890–1899 | 214 |
| 1900–1909 | 259 |
| 1910–1919 | 497 |
| 1920–1929 | 134 |
| 1930–1939 | 883 |
| 1940–1949 | 139 |
| 1950–1959 | 180 |
| 1960–1969 | 218 |
| 1970–1979 | 2 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Hämeenlinnan alakansakouluseminaari | 231 |
| Artturi Railonsala | 95 |
| Elias Lönnrot | 85 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 78 |
| Frans Kärki | 71 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 3,220)
- SKVR: SKVR I2 1087., SKVR I2 1091., SKVR I2 1092., SKVR I2 1093., SKVR I2 1144., SKVR I2 1148 a)., SKVR I2 1155., SKVR I2 1194., SKVR I2 1195., SKVR I2 1196., SKVR I2 1202., SKVR I2 1206., SKVR I2 1208., SKVR I3 1898., SKVR I3 1946., SKVR I3 1948., SKVR I4 484., SKVR I4 484 a)., SKVR I4 1015., SKVR I4 1044., SKVR I4 1046., SKVR I4 1048., SKVR I4 1877., SKVR I4 2170., SKVR I4 2190., SKVR I4 2200., SKVR I4 2207., SKVR I4 2430., SKVR I4 2459., SKVR II 136., SKVR II 307., SKVR II 309., SKVR II 309 a)., SKVR II 322., SKVR II 323., SKVR II 323 a)., SKVR II 324., SKVR II 329., SKVR II 344., SKVR II 390., SKVR II 543., SKVR II 579., SKVR III1 18., SKVR III1 35., SKVR III1 45., SKVR III1 49., SKVR III1 64., SKVR III1 77., SKVR III1 94., SKVR III1 112., SKVR III1 141., SKVR III1 144., SKVR III1 212., SKVR III1 242., SKVR III1 263., SKVR III1 264., SKVR III1 287., SKVR III1 288., SKVR III1 324., SKVR III1 331.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: ämm
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.