nähdä
‘see’ · runosong lemma · Finnish verb
| English gloss | see |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | verb |
| Language | Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 8,595 |
| By corpus | SKVR 4,412, JR 4,183, KR 426 poems, ERAB 0 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
näin, näki, nähnyt, nähty, näkisin, näit, näkee, näkemään, nähdä, näitkö, nähtyäni, näkemässä, näht, näk, näet, nähny, näinpä, näkisi, nähtiin, näiks, nähneet, näköö, näitkös, näkisit, näkevät, näkköö, näkis, nähtyni, nähtä, näkemähän, nähnt, näkipä, näkivät, näkuvi, niän, nähden, näkevi, näkepi, nägöö, nähhäkseni … and 432 more of 472 attested forms
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| see (saw, seen, sees, seeing) | 9,654 | 84.2% |
| thus | 1,217 | 10.6% |
| like | 86 | 0.8% |
| sight (sights) | 78 | 0.7% |
| these | 38 | 0.3% |
| visible | 36 | 0.3% |
| such | 26 | 0.2% |
| seer (seers) | 25 | 0.2% |
| indeed | 20 | 0.2% |
| way | 19 | 0.2% |
| Uses counted | 11,462 |
Example verses
- näki mättähän merellä (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
"spied a hummock on the sea:" - viel näguu pohjoilan veräjät (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
- midä sieldä on näguve (SKVR I1 6.) read in context
- näguu pohjolan veräjät (SKVR I1 9 a).) read in context
- näguu pohjolan pihatki (SKVR I1 18.) read in context
- jo näki tuhon tulevan (SKVR I1 42.) read in context
Saw ruin approaching, - jo näki tuhon tulevan (SKVR I1 54.) read in context
Already saw ruin approaching, - kuin näkuis omat oveni (SKVR I1 58.) read in context
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| kävellä | 2,524 | 411 |
| sattua | 1,745 | 238 |
| ihme | 1,680 | 209 |
| silmä | 1,578 | 488 |
| vaiva | 1,553 | 303 |
| isä | 1,276 | 427 |
| nämä | 1,241 | 298 |
| laiva | 1,172 | 304 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Hämeen ihmeet | 185 |
| Lunastettava neito | 124 |
| Rutsa | 111 |
| Aa aa akkani kuoli - kuka näki, hautasi | 109 |
| Laivassa surmattu veli | 102 |
| Maailmansyntyruno | 102 |
| Paran synnyttäminen | 98 |
| Emon vaivat | 95 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 446 |
| Soikkola | 224 |
| Lempaala | 211 |
| Suistamo | 151 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 147 |
| Ilomantsi | 141 |
| Vuole | 134 |
| Sakkola | 127 |
| Kaprio | 113 |
| Metsäpirtti | 104 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 2 |
| 1670–1679 | 1 |
| 1680–1689 | 1 |
| 1690–1699 | 18 |
| 1700–1709 | 17 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 7 |
| 1760–1769 | 7 |
| 1770–1779 | 14 |
| 1780–1789 | 16 |
| 1800–1809 | 6 |
| 1810–1819 | 69 |
| 1820–1829 | 109 |
| 1830–1839 | 366 |
| 1840–1849 | 609 |
| 1850–1859 | 627 |
| 1860–1869 | 95 |
| 1870–1879 | 172 |
| 1880–1889 | 844 |
| 1890–1899 | 738 |
| 1900–1909 | 576 |
| 1910–1919 | 638 |
| 1920–1929 | 226 |
| 1930–1939 | 1,249 |
| 1940–1949 | 231 |
| 1950–1959 | 318 |
| 1960–1969 | 353 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 598 |
| Volmari Porkka | 297 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 260 |
| Frans Kärki | 186 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 184 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 7,329)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 6., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 18., SKVR I1 42., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 61., SKVR I1 62., SKVR I1 63 a)., SKVR I1 63 b)., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 95., SKVR I1 104., SKVR I1 113., SKVR I1 189., SKVR I1 210., SKVR I1 246., SKVR I1 298., SKVR I1 298 a)., SKVR I1 305., SKVR I1 318., SKVR I1 321., SKVR I1 328., SKVR I1 357., SKVR I1 358., SKVR I1 362., SKVR I1 369., SKVR I1 401., SKVR I1 409., SKVR I1 435., SKVR I1 441., SKVR I1 489., SKVR I1 491., SKVR I1 491 a)., SKVR I1 492., SKVR I1 494., SKVR I1 495., SKVR I1 514 a)., SKVR I1 615., SKVR I1 617., SKVR I1 619., SKVR I1 638., SKVR I1 692., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 1., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 3., SKVR I1 erill. [Sampo] 5., SKVR I1 erill. [Vellamon neito] 1., SKVR I1 erill. [Kilpakosinta] 6., SKVR I2 703., SKVR I2 704., SKVR I2 712., SKVR I2 716., SKVR I2 744., SKVR I2 754.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: nägema
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.