paras
‘best’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish adjective
| English gloss | best |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 8,138 |
| By corpus | SKVR 3,144, JR 2,226, KR 358 poems, ERAB 2,410 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
para, parasta, parahan, parahin, parahalla, paraja, parassa, parahasta, parahana, paraan, parraan, paran, paraasta, parast, parraalla, paraana, parasna, parahiksi, parraast, parahia, parhain, parahimman, parraat, paraat, parraana, parain, paraassa, paraimman, paraita, parraall, parahiks, paraass, parahah, parahas, parahimmat, parahilla, parhan, parahanna, parajaida, parraahin … and 431 more of 471 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
paras · adj
- 1. sobiv, kohane
- 2. üsna suur, tugev, hea; tubli, kaunike, kenake
EMS
paras
- sobiv, kohane
- (substantiivselt)
- (kahjurõõmu väljendamisel)
- üsna suur, tugev; tubli, kenake
Idamurre
paras
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English senses in context
How the AI analysis rendered this lemma in English, as a share of the entry’s analyzed uses. The analysis groups a lemma with its variant and cognate spellings, so close cognates can share one profile.
| Sense | Share |
|---|---|
| best | 69.7% |
| suitable | 13.0% |
| proper | 7.0% |
| good | 2.2% |
| fitting | 1.5% |
| best's | 1.0% |
| calf | 0.9% |
| better | 0.9% |
| para | 0.8% |
| ones | 0.6% |
Example verses
- takoja palan parahan (SKVR I1 21.) read in context
"the forger the finest piece." - pani päällähän parasta (SKVR I1 30.) read in context
Put finest on herself, - valitsi parahan varren (SKVR I1 54.) read in context
Chose the finest shaft. - valittsi paraham piilen (SKVR I1 58.) read in context
- suula pand parhadõ (AES, MT 44, 5) read in context
With mouth proclaims the best. - tallinna paras pasuna (AES, MT 141, 15/16) read in context
Tallinn’s finest trumpet, - vottis mu paraja labi (AES, MT 141, 37) read in context
Took my good mittens, - suula pand ta parhadõ (AES, MT 236, 32) read in context
Into the mouth he placed the finest,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| panti | 5,081 | 465 |
| syntyä | 3,990 | 586 |
| panema | 3,283 | 1,052 |
| pantti | 2,548 | 249 |
| parvi | 1,779 | 250 |
| aika | 1,422 | 364 |
| pappi | 1,250 | 286 |
| ennenkuin | 900 | 183 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Paran synnyttäminen | 265 |
| Lunastettava neito | 240 |
| Myyty neito | 105 |
| Tuuti lasta nukkumaan, lapsenpiika torkkumaan | 78 |
| Patvaskan ylistys | 61 |
| Saajannaisen ylistys | 56 |
| Varas vie koristeet | 55 |
| Kokkovirsi | 54 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 363 |
| Soikkola | 165 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 156 |
| Suistamo | 91 |
| Uhtua | 83 |
| Lempaala | 74 |
| Kaprio | 68 |
| Ilomantsi | 62 |
| Sakkola | 61 |
| Vuole | 60 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1690–1699 | 15 |
| 1700–1709 | 10 |
| 1710–1719 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 8 |
| 1760–1769 | 6 |
| 1770–1779 | 11 |
| 1780–1789 | 23 |
| 1800–1809 | 2 |
| 1810–1819 | 29 |
| 1820–1829 | 69 |
| 1830–1839 | 241 |
| 1840–1849 | 322 |
| 1850–1859 | 323 |
| 1860–1869 | 66 |
| 1870–1879 | 212 |
| 1880–1889 | 841 |
| 1890–1899 | 768 |
| 1900–1909 | 471 |
| 1910–1919 | 425 |
| 1920–1929 | 244 |
| 1930–1939 | 746 |
| 1940–1949 | 99 |
| 1950–1959 | 103 |
| 1960–1969 | 90 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 392 |
| Volmari Porkka | 235 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 146 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 100 |
| Jaako Länkelä | 84 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 5,214)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 21., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 60., SKVR I1 61., SKVR I1 63., SKVR I1 64., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 127., SKVR I1 165., SKVR I1 179., SKVR I1 179 a)., SKVR I1 202., SKVR I1 208., SKVR I1 211., SKVR I1 214., SKVR I1 217., SKVR I1 218., SKVR I1 218 a)., SKVR I1 218 b)., SKVR I1 222., SKVR I1 229., SKVR I1 231., SKVR I1 233., SKVR I1 234., SKVR I1 238., SKVR I1 239., SKVR I1 362., SKVR I1 362 a)., SKVR I1 440., SKVR I1 475., SKVR I1 476., SKVR I1 480., SKVR I1 520., SKVR I1 589., SKVR I1 erill. [Polvenhaava] 2., SKVR I2 738., SKVR I2 743., SKVR I2 745., SKVR I2 758., SKVR I2 759 b)., SKVR I2 789., SKVR I2 803., SKVR I2 834., SKVR I2 835., SKVR I2 845., SKVR I2 847., SKVR I2 854., SKVR I2 954., SKVR I2 956., SKVR I2 960., SKVR I2 960 a)., SKVR I2 961., SKVR I2 994., SKVR I2 1012., SKVR I2 1013., SKVR I2 1015., SKVR I2 1016.
Related lemmas
- Estonian cognate: paraja
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. English senses come from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.