liha
‘meat’ · runosong lemma · Estonian and Finnish noun
| English gloss | meat |
|---|---|
| Part of speech | noun |
| Language | Estonian and Finnish |
| Total occurrences | 9,460 |
| By corpus | SKVR 4,050, JR 2,200, KR 299 poems, ERAB 3,210 |
The counts in this table cover all attested spellings of this lemma, not only the headword form; all are word occurrences, except the KR figure in the By corpus row, which counts poems and is not part of the total.
Full dictionary entry · Search in the corpus · Geographic distribution
Attested wordforms
liha, lihoa, lihan, lihat, lihaa, lihada, lihhaa, lihoja, lihast, lihasta, lihaan, lihalla, lihoo, lihad, lihani, lihoilla, lihhoo, lihoista, lihojen, lihua, lihahan, lihha, lihassa, lihoi, lihhoa, lihoin, lihaksi, lihhoi, lihalle, lihasse, lihoille, lihale, lihaga, lihi, lihoilta, lihhaan, lihal, lihala, lihoihin, lihain … and 151 more of 191 attested forms
In Estonian dictionaries
Definitions are shown in Estonian: the source dictionaries are Estonian-language works.
EKSS
liha · 11
- 1. (toiduks) tapetud looma lihaskude (hrl. koos rasv- ja sidekoe ning luudega)
- 2. elava inimese v. looma lihaskude (hrl. koos rasv- ja sidekoega)
- 3. inimese keha, ihu, füüsiline olemus (vastandina vaimule); hrl. kirikl
- 4. (veresugulaste, hrl. lihaste järglaste kohta)
EMS
liha
- toiduks tarvitatav looma lihaseline osa (ka koos luude, rasv- ning sidekoega)
- elava inimese või looma lihaskude (hrl koos rasv- ja sidekoega)
- kogu kehast
- (naisest)
liha-
- lihast, liha-
Idamurre
liha
- liha
Seto
liha
- liha lihha ~ liha lihaskude, liha piim ja liha `oĺlgi korron
Sources: EKSS — Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut (CC BY 4.0) · EMS — Eesti murrete sõnaraamat, Eesti Keele Instituut · Idamurde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut · Seto sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut
English words in the AI translations
How often the AI analysis used each English word when it translated the uses of this word. Forms of one English word are counted together, and one translation can contain several words, so the shares can add up to more than 100%.
| English word | Uses | Share |
|---|---|---|
| meat (meats, meat's) | 6,647 | 63.8% |
| flesh (flesh's, fleshes) | 3,533 | 33.9% |
| fatten (fattened) | 89 | 0.9% |
| fat | 49 | 0.5% |
| fleshy | 31 | 0.3% |
| meaty | 20 | 0.2% |
| Uses counted | 10,412 |
Example verses
- läpi lämminten lihojen (SKVR I1 1.) read in context
Through the warm flesh. - läbi lämmindä lihoa (SKVR I1 2.) read in context
Through the warm flesh, - läbi lämmindä lihoja (SKVR I1 4.) read in context
Through warm flesh - läbi längien lihojen (SKVR I1 7.) read in context
Through flank's fleshy parts. - panti liha leigümmä (AES, MT 40, 31 (42)) read in context
Meat was set to roast. - liha leib teil kätte antas (AES, MT 43, 60) read in context
Meat, bread are given to you, - pardi liha jäi panni pääle (AES, MT 43, 67) read in context
Duck meat stayed on the pan, - kelle liha liikumata (AES, MT 60, 35/6 (24)) read in context
Whose flesh was inexhaustible,
Companion words
Words that co-occur with this lemma inside the same verse line more often than chance predicts, ranked by log-likelihood (G²) over verse-level co-occurrence in SKVR, KR, JR and ERAB; only pairs seen at least 3 times.
| Word | Association (G²) | Co-occurrences |
|---|---|---|
| luu | 6,281 | 1,068 |
| luuton | 4,212 | 367 |
| liittää | 3,104 | 387 |
| syödä | 2,892 | 722 |
| liikkua | 2,776 | 410 |
| sika | 2,087 | 457 |
| liuskahtaa | 1,560 | 132 |
| linna | 1,354 | 317 |
Song types
Song types of the poems attesting this lemma, as catalogued per poem in the source corpora (ERAB type names are in Estonian, SKVR names in Finnish; JR and KR poems carry no song-type record).
| Song type | Poems |
|---|---|
| Niukahdus | 292 |
| Niukahduksen historiola | 242 |
| Verensulku | 214 |
| Polvenhaava | 151 |
| Koi | 149 |
| Raudan sanat | 145 |
| Raudan synty | 115 |
| Koin historiola | 107 |
Collection places
Where the poems attesting this lemma were collected; each count is the number of attesting poems recorded at that place.
| Place | Poems |
|---|---|
| Narvusi | 203 |
| Vuokkiniemi | 186 |
| Suistamo | 171 |
| Setumaa | 149 |
| Lempaala | 115 |
| Ilomantsi | 101 |
| Uhtua | 92 |
| Kuusalu | 92 |
| Soikkola | 83 |
| Suojärvi | 78 |
Attestation over time
Poems attesting this lemma by decade of collection or publication; undated poems are not shown.
| Decade | Poems |
|---|---|
| 1650–1659 | 3 |
| 1690–1699 | 5 |
| 1700–1709 | 21 |
| 1720–1729 | 1 |
| 1730–1739 | 1 |
| 1750–1759 | 2 |
| 1760–1769 | 2 |
| 1770–1779 | 2 |
| 1780–1789 | 35 |
| 1800–1809 | 15 |
| 1810–1819 | 64 |
| 1820–1829 | 102 |
| 1830–1839 | 294 |
| 1840–1849 | 391 |
| 1850–1859 | 311 |
| 1860–1869 | 56 |
| 1870–1879 | 360 |
| 1880–1889 | 1,297 |
| 1890–1899 | 1,266 |
| 1900–1909 | 492 |
| 1910–1919 | 478 |
| 1920–1929 | 353 |
| 1930–1939 | 947 |
| 1940–1949 | 186 |
| 1950–1959 | 93 |
| 1960–1969 | 104 |
Collectors
The collectors who most often recorded poems attesting this lemma.
| Collector | Poems |
|---|---|
| Elias Lönnrot | 461 |
| Kaarle Krohn | 265 |
| A. A. Borenius | 141 |
| D. E. D. Europaeus | 133 |
| Forsberg (Alava), Vihtori | 131 |
Poems attesting this lemma (60 / 6,996)
- SKVR: SKVR I1 1., SKVR I1 2., SKVR I1 4., SKVR I1 7., SKVR I1 9., SKVR I1 9 a)., SKVR I1 11., SKVR I1 13., SKVR I1 14., SKVR I1 15., SKVR I1 16., SKVR I1 17., SKVR I1 30., SKVR I1 36., SKVR I1 38., SKVR I1 46., SKVR I1 54., SKVR I1 58., SKVR I1 58 a)., SKVR I1 59., SKVR I1 74., SKVR I1 79., SKVR I1 79 a)., SKVR I1 80., SKVR I1 83., SKVR I1 83 a)., SKVR I1 84., SKVR I1 88., SKVR I1 89., SKVR I1 91., SKVR I1 93., SKVR I1 101., SKVR I1 102., SKVR I1 105., SKVR I1 106., SKVR I1 117., SKVR I1 117 a)., SKVR I1 119., SKVR I1 120., SKVR I1 122., SKVR I1 123., SKVR I1 135., SKVR I1 144., SKVR I1 145., SKVR I1 158., SKVR I1 185., SKVR I1 208., SKVR I1 211., SKVR I1 214., SKVR I1 228., SKVR I1 231., SKVR I1 231 a)., SKVR I1 233., SKVR I1 234., SKVR I1 238., SKVR I1 240., SKVR I1 281 a)., SKVR I1 282., SKVR I1 284., SKVR I1 285.
About this profile
The counts and examples on this page come from the lemmatized text of four Finnic runosong corpora: SKVR, JR, KR and ERAB. The table of English words comes from an AI analysis of the corpus; song types, collection places, collectors and dates follow each poem's own catalogue record.
The table of English words is counted from the translations kept in the AI analysis files, which hold only the most frequent translations of each word or spelling, so rare translations can be missing. Words that carry only grammar (such as the, to or didn’t) are left out, and so are English words used fewer than 5 times or in less than 0.1% of the uses counted. The analysis files can group two closely related words, which then show the same table.
Verses are found by the spellings listed above, so an occasional verse may show a different word spelled the same way.